ITS NATURAL HISTORY. 



on a lighter ground. The caterpillar, thorny ; black, 

 dotted with white ; lives in societies, on nettles, during 

 the whole summer ; changes into a pupa, pale green, and 

 covered with conical yellow tubercles, which, after a 

 space of two or three weeks, produces a butterfly. 



The White Admiral (tachyptera sybilla). The male 

 is brown or blue-black ; female of a beautiful dark brown- 

 red color, with a white band on all the wings ; the under 

 sides mottled. The caterpillar, an inch and a quarter 

 long, with a red head and tuberculated body, lives on 

 the honey-suckle and dwarf-cherry ; changes into a brown, 

 yellow-striped, spiny pupa, which, in fourteen days, de- 

 velops a butterfly. 



The Little Ice Bird (tachyptera tremulae), is brown 

 and blue-gray, with spots and rings of cardamine and 

 white. Caterpillar, an inch and a half long, clothed with 

 stiff hairs and spiny tubercles, lives on the quaking pop- 

 lar, and in July changes to a brown chrysalis, dotted 

 with black. The imago is developed after three weeks. 



The Great Ice Bird (tachyptera populi). Beautiful 

 dark brown color, with penetrating, regularly-placed 

 spots of white and orange- colored markings towards the 

 border; lower side reddish-yellow. Caterpillar, two 

 inches long, variegated ; head forked, tinted red-brown 

 and black ; body furnished with conical hairy tubercles ; 

 lives singly, on the trembling poplar, throughout the 

 winter ; in May changes into a yellow, black-spotted, 

 thorny pupa, from which the butterfly is developed in 

 June. 



The Wood Emperor Changeable (tachyptera iris). 

 The dark brown wings, which, in the male, have a change- 

 able lustrous reflection of blue, are marked with spots of 

 white and eye-like figures of red, which penetrate to the 



