INSECTA. 191 



fulvous with dark feelers, upper part of the body shining 

 brown. Found on the oaks of Lesser Asia, and used in 

 commerce. 



The Leaf Gall Wasp (cynips foliii), found in Europe, 

 is black with striped neck and gray feet ; lives on hazel 

 bushes. 



Cynips Petioli is black with white feet, upper part of 

 legs brown ; many other genera. 



The Rose Gall Fly (cynips rosae) is black, feet and 

 abdomen dull red, pointed with black. 



The Fig Borer (cynips psenes) is very small, brown- 

 ish red with white wings, short antennae and curved 

 thorax. This insect perforates the fruit, not only caus- 

 ing it to ripen early, but also leaves an enlargement 

 within, which, formed by the deposit of its eggs, is con- 

 sidered rather an advantage than an injury, as it adds a 

 peculiar flavor to the fruit. Therefore the figs of the 

 South, where the fig borer only is found, are said to 

 attain a size and perfection which those of a more north- 

 ern clime, however carefully cultivated, never acquire. 



The Ichneumon Wasps resemble the fig borers, but 

 deposit their eggs in the flesh of caterpillars or other 

 larvae ; the little grubs feeding on the juices of these 

 creatures, gradually consume them. 



The Black Ichneumon (pimpla manifestator), black, 

 with sorrel-colored feet, cylindrical body, smooth, with 

 filiform antennae. Length one inch, has an ovipositor an 

 inch and a half long and very sharp, with which it bores 

 holes in the rolled-up leaves, where other insects have 

 deposited their larvae, and seeking the latter, lay their 

 eggs upon their rough bodies, and leave them to hatch in 

 their living receptacle. 



The Black Tailed Ichneumon (ichneumon nigrocau- 



