PLANTS. 265 



specific in curing the thrush or sore mouth of cattle. 2. 

 Many varieties. 



The Raspberry (Rubus fruticosus), Tourne, Endl. 

 Leaves pinnate, unequally toothed, oblong, and palmate ; 

 stalk and branches armed with briars; flowers white, 

 composed of five petals. Found growing wild in woods or 

 waste fields, and creeping along the earth, and frequently 

 taking root, makes whole acres inaccessible, forming a 

 tangle of briars. Fruit broad, composed of minute glo- 

 bules or carpels, on a protuberant, spongy receptacle, 

 either deciduous or persistent. Flavor very pleasant ; 

 considered wholesome and refreshing. Wood, burnt into 

 charcoal, is used in Europe in the manufacture of gun- 

 powder, h. 



The Antwerp Raspberry (Rubus idaeus), De Cand. 

 Lower leaves pinnately three or five foliate ; leaflets 

 broad-ovate, cottony on under surface. Stem and branches 

 erect or procumbent, and armed with prickles. Found in 

 Europe ; native of mountain forests or stone-covered hills. 

 Transplanted in the United States. Cultivated largely 

 in gardens, on account of its fragrant and well-flavored 

 fruit. The bright red berries are used in a fresh state 

 as fruit ; preserved with sugar, or prepared as jam or 

 raspberry vinegar, are every where much esteemed. 

 There are many varieties, as the White Raspberry (Tri- 

 florus), Three-Flowered, and Thimble-berry (Rubus 

 occidentalis), etc., found in Canada and the United 

 States, h. 



The Blackberry (Rubus villosus), Ait. Calyx spread- 

 ing, five-cleft ; petals five, deciduous. Half shrubby 

 plants. Stems armed with prickles; fruit inseparable 

 from the juicy, deciduous receptacle ; consists of about 

 twenty roundish, shining, black, fleshy carpels, collected 

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