OLIVE ORANGE-BIRD 655 



OLIVE, a local name of the OYSTER-CATCHER, and apparently 

 a corruption of OLAF, which is said also to be used (Christy, 

 B. Essex, p. 238), and if so the word should be more properly spelt 

 Olave, that being the English form of the sainted Danish king's 

 name. (Cf. KNOT, said to be from Cnut.) 



OLPH (see ALP and NOPE), with the prefix " Blood " a local 

 name of the BULLFINCH, with that of " Green " of the GREENFINCH. 



OMBRE or OMBRETTE, see HAMMER-HEAD. 



0-0 (variously spelt), the name given in the Sandwich Islands 

 to birds of the genus Acrulocercus (Molioa of some writers), one of 

 the Melipliagidse (HONEY-SUCKER), of which 4 species, inhabiting as 

 many islands, have been described. The yellow axillary tufts of 

 one of them, A. nobilis, peculiar to Hawaii, have been greatly 

 sought for the beautiful featherwork of the natives since the Mamo 1 

 (DREPANIS) became rare. 



OPEN-BILL (French Bec-ouvert), one of the names 2 given to 

 birds of the genus Anastomus, 

 allied if not actually belonging 

 to the Cicomidze (STORK), but by 

 some 3 regarded as constituting a 

 distinct Family. Two species 



have long ^ been known One In- BILL OF ANASTOMUS. (After Swainson.) 



dian, parti-coloured, A. oscitans, 



pondicerianus or coromandelianus ; the other African and dark 

 coloured, A. lamelligerus, so called from the curious flattening 

 and broadening into shining horny -plates of its feather -shafts, 

 especially on the lower parts. In 1880, Prof. Alphonse Milne- 

 Edwards described the form inhabiting Madagascar as distinct, 

 A. madagascariensis. It differs chiefly from the African in its 

 smaller size, and the deeper grooving of the bill. 



OPISTHOCOMUS, see HOACTZIN. 



ORANGE-BIRD, a name in Jamaica for Spindalis (properly 

 Spindasis) nigricephala, wrongly identified by Gosse (B. Jam. p. 231) 

 with the Fringilla zena of Linnaeus (which proves to be peculiar to 

 Bahama), one of the TANAGERS, and so-called, says the former, 

 "from the resemblance of its plump and glowing breast to that 



1 At pages 166 and 225 this species was mentioned as extinct : an example, 

 however, was obtained in 1892, and its remains are in Mr. Rothschild's collec- 

 tion. 



2 Others, and more recent, are Shell-eater, Shell-Ibis, and Snail-eater, of 

 which the first two are incorrect, and the latter far from distinctive, though these 

 birds feed chiefly on mollusks of the genera Ampullaria and Unio. 



3 Cf. Gurney in Andersson's B. Damara Land, p. 283 ; Gates in Hume's 

 Nests and Eggs Ind. B. ed. 2, iii. p. 224. 



