SCANSORES SCAUP 815 



unknown, and the most plausible suggestions are that the word was 

 a misprint for "Seamel" (i.e. SEA-MEW) or for "Stannel" (a 

 KESTREL). 



SCANSOEES, Illiger's name in 1811 (Prodr. p. 194) for his 

 First Order, made to contain 5 Families : (1) Psittacini, with the 

 genera Psittacus and Pezoporus ; (2) Serrati, made up of fiamphastos, 

 Pteroglossus, Pogonias, CorytJiaix, Trogon and Musophaga ; (3) Amphiboli, 

 including CrotopJiaga, Scythrops, Hucco, Cuculus and Centropus; (4) 

 Sagittilingues, formed by lynx and Picus ; and (5) Syndadyli, con- 

 sisting of Galbula. 



SCAPULARS, a set of feathers on each side of a bird's dorsal 

 surface, so called as lying along the scapulas or shoulder-blades ; 

 but by some writers termed Humerals, since they run across the 

 humeri. These feathers form part of the PARAPTERON of Illiger and 

 Sundevall, and in some groups of birds are very conspicuous and 

 characteristic. 



SCAEF (Icel. Skarfr), otherwise SCAET, a local name for a 

 CORMORANT or SHAG. 



SCAUP, the wild-fowlers' ordinary abridgment of ScAUP-DucK, 

 meaning a Duck so called "because she feeds upon Scaup, i.e. 

 broken shel-fish," as may be seen in Willughby's 

 Ornithology (p. 365); but it would be more 

 proper to say that the name comes from the 

 "Mussel-scaups," or "Mussel-scalps," 1 the beds 

 of rock or sand on which mussels (Mytilus edulis, 

 and other species) are aggregated - the Anas 

 marila of Linnaeus and Nyroca or Fuligula marila 

 of modern ornithology, a very abundant bird around the coasts of 

 most parts of the northern hemisphere, repairing inland in spring for 

 the purpose of reproduction, though so far as is positively known 

 hardly but in northern districts, as Iceland, Lapland, Siberia and the 

 fur-countries of America. It was many years ago believed (Edinb. 

 N. Philos. Journ. xx. p. 293) to have been found breeding in Scotland, 

 but assertions to that effect have not been wholly substantiated, 

 though apparently corroborated by some later evidence (Proc. N. H. 

 Soc. Glasg. ii. p. 121, and Proc. Phys. Soc. Edinb. vii. p. 203). The 

 Scaup-Duck has considerable likeness to the POCHARD, both in 

 habits and appearance; but it much more generally affects salt- 

 water, and the head of the male is black, glossed with green, and 

 hence the name of " Black-head," by which it is commonly known 

 in North America, where, however, a second species or race> smaller 

 than the ordinary one, is also found, the N. or F. affinis. The 



1 "Scalp" primarily signifies a shell; cf. Old Dutch schelpe and Old Fr. 

 escalope (Skeat, JZtymol. Dictionary, p. 528). 



