NIMBLE NUTCRACKER. 169 



NORTHERN GREAT SPOTTED WOODPECKER. See GREAT 

 SPOTTED WOODPECKER. 



NORTHERN HARELD : The LONG-TAILED DUCK. (Aberdeen. ) 

 Hareld is from haveld, the Icelandic name of the bird. 



NORTHERN LONG-TAILED TITMOUSE [No. 100]. The 

 Continental form of the LONG-TAILED TITMOUSE. It 

 was formerly called the White-headed Long-tailed Titmouse. 



NORTHERN MEALY REDPOLL : COUES'S REDPOLL. 



NORTHERN PENGUIN : The GREAT AUK. (Edwards.) 



NORTHERN WILLOW-TITMOUSE. See WILLOW-TITMOUSE. 



NORTHERN WILLOW-WARBLER. See WILLOW- WARBLER. 



NORWAY BARNACLE : The BARNACLE-GOOSE. (Ireland.) 



NORWAY CROW: The HOODED CROW. (Northumberland, 

 Yorkshire, Norfolk.) From its being supposed they visit 

 us in winter from Norway. Northern Crow is also a 

 Craven name for the species. 



NORWAY DUCK : The SCAUP DUCK. (Belfast.) Norwegian 

 Teal is also a Banff name for the same species. 



NORWAY NIGHTINGALE. A name for the REDWING. (Hett.) 



NORWEGIAN BLUETHROAT [No. 182]. Generally known as 

 Red-spotted Bluethroat. It is the Blue-throated Redstart 

 of Edwards (pi. 28), the Blue-throated Robin of Bewick, and 

 the Blue-throated Warbler of Yarrell and Jenyns. 



NUN or WHITE NUN : The male SMEW. (Northumberland.) 

 From its black-and-white plumage : Willughby calls it 

 the " White Nun." Also the BLUE TITMOUSE, from its 

 banded head (occurs in Turner and Willughby). 



NUTBREAKER : The NUTCRACKER. Appears to be the first 

 English name given to this bird and is found in the index to 

 Willughby (1678), no English name being given in the text. 



NUT-BROWN BIRD. A name for the PARTRIDGE. (Hett.) 



NUTCRACKER [No. 7, Thick-Billed Nutcracker; No. 8, 

 Slender-Billed Nutcracker]. The name Nutcracker seems 

 to be first found in Edwards's Gleanings (plate 240, 1758). 

 The earliest mention of this species appears to be in 

 Turner (1544) who says "besides the said three kinds 

 of Graculi described by Aristotle, I know a fourth, which I 

 have seen upon the Rhsetic Alps . . . Now to this the 

 Rhsetians have given the name of Nucifraga, from the nuts 

 which it breaks with its bill and eats." The form breeding 

 in Europe is now separated from the form breeding in 

 Siberia and visiting Europe in winter : hence the two names. 

 In Shropshire the name is applied to the NUTHATCH. 



