A 1ST 



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AND 



doms, but recent authorities have 

 deemed it necessary to divide it 

 into five, splitting the Eadiata into 

 two, and re-arranging some of its 

 constituents. The five sub-king- 

 doms are : 1. Yertebrata. 2. An- 

 nulosa. 3. Mollusca. 4. Cselenterata. 

 5. Protozoa. 1. Yertebrata, divided 

 into five classes ; namely, Mam- 

 malia, Aves, Eeptilia, Amphibia, 

 and Pisces. 2. Annulosa, divided 

 into seven classes, Insecta, Myria- 

 poda, Arachnida, Crustacea, Annu- 

 lata, Scolecida, and Echinodermata. 

 3. Mollusca, consisting of three 

 classes, Cephalophora, Conchifera, 

 and Molluscoidea. 4. Coslenterata, 

 comprising two classes, Actiuozoa, 

 and Hydrozoa. 5. Protozoa, also 

 containing two classes, Stomatoda, 

 and Astomata. 



ANNE'LIDANS. | (from annellus, a small 

 ANNELI'DES. ) ring, Lat.) Worms 

 with, in general, red blood, whose 

 bodies are composed of rings. An- 

 nelida, in the classification of some 

 authors, constitutes the fifth class 

 of the animal kingdom, and com- 

 prises three orders, namely, Tubi- 

 cola, Dorsibranchiata, and Abranch- 

 iata. Professor Buckland observes, 

 "We have abundant evidence of 

 the early and continued prevalence 

 of that order of Annelidans, which 

 formed shelly, calcareous tubes, in 

 the occurrence of fossil serpulae, in 

 nearly all formations, from the 

 transition periods to the present 

 time." The shores of the sea, the 

 moist sands of coasts, as well as the 

 soils of all countries, are inhabited 

 by myriads of worms, which are 

 found to contain a red-coloured 

 fluid, circulating in veins and 

 arteries. These constitute the red 

 bloody worms of naturalists, the 

 " vers a sang rouge " of Cuvier. 

 The term annelida is most fre- 

 quently applied to them, from their 

 being surrounded by rings, extend- 

 ing from the anterior to the posterior 

 part of the body. Professor Grant. 



"Annelidans," says Mr. MacLeay, 

 "differ from true annulosa in being 

 hermaphrodite, and in general red- 

 blooded." All the annelidans are 

 not red-blooded. Mr. MacLeay 

 divides annelidans into two groups, 

 the first, or normal group, consist- 

 ing of marine animals, having their 

 body provided with distinct feet, 

 contains Nereidina and Serpulina ; 

 the second or aberrant group, Apoda, 

 the body being without feet or a 

 distinct head, comprises Lumbri- 

 cina, Nemertina, and Hirudina. If 

 the conclusion of Philippi be correct, 

 the shells of annelides can have no 

 palaeontological bearings, further 

 than as affording indications of the 

 presence of their order and class. 



A'NNOLIS. An American animal, re- 

 sembling a lizard. 



ANNITLA'BIA. A species of phalaena, 

 of the geometra section. 



ANNTJLA'TA. In the classification by 

 Busk, Annulata forms the fifth 

 class of the sub-kingdom Annulosa, 

 and comprises five orders ; namely, 

 Polychceta, Oligochceta, Discophora, 

 Tardigrada, and Sagittida. 



ANNULOSA. A sub-kingdom of ani- 

 malia, comprising seven classes, 

 namely, Insecta, Myriapoda, Ara- 

 chnida, Crustacea, Annulata, Seole- 

 cida, and Echinodermata. 



A'NNULOSE. Furnished with rings ; 

 composed of rings. The annulose 

 animals form two great series ; 

 those without jointed feet, viz., 

 vermes, annulosa, cirripeda ; and 

 those with jointed feet, namely, 

 insecta, myriapoda, arachnida, 

 Crustacea. 



ANOCT'STI. The incongruous assem- 

 blage of fossil substances, termed 

 echinites, have been arranged by 

 Leske into two classes : the first 

 class is that of the anocysti, the 

 vent of which is in the vertex. 

 This class is arranged under two 

 divisions, Cidaris and Clypeus. 



ANODO'NTA. A form of bivalvular 

 mollusc, with a transverse shell, 



