C A L 



[67] 



GAL 



calcedony is held between the eye 

 and the light, it is characterized by 

 a clondy or milky appearance, 

 resembling milk diluted with water. 

 Professor Jameson divides calce- 

 dony into four sub-species, namely, 

 common calcedony, chrysoprase, 

 plasma, and carnelian. Calcedony 

 was first accurately described by 

 Werner. Phillips says that onyx, 

 plasma, heliotrope, chrysoprase, 

 cacholong, carnelian, and agate, 

 are considered to be varieties of 

 calcedony. 



CALCE'OLA. A fossil genus of bivalve 

 shells, belonging to the family 

 Bndistes of Lamark. It is equi- 

 lateral, very inequivalve, triangular, 

 the umbones are separated by a 

 large triangular disk in the lower 

 valTc; the hinge margin is straight 

 and dentated; the upper valve is 

 flat and semi-orbicular, forming a 

 kind of operculum to the lower, 

 which is much larger and deep. 

 Calceola is now generally regarded 

 to belong to the Brachiopoda. 

 The C. sandalina is found in the 

 Devonian system of rocks. Lycett. 



C'ALcrsATB. (calciner, Fr. cdctnarc, 

 It) To calcine; to burn by fire 

 to a calx, or friable substance. 



CALCIC A'TIOX. (catenation, Fr. caUi- 

 nazumt, It) The reduction by the 

 action of fire of any substance to a 

 condition that it may be converted 

 into a state of powder. 



CA'LCTJTE. (caltiner, Fr. caicinare, It.) 

 To burn by fire to a calx, or friable 

 substance. 



C ALCITE. Another name for.calc-spar. 



C^'Lcrrst. The metallic base of lime; 

 this metal was obtained by Sir H. 

 Davy from lime by means of 

 galvanic agency. Being received 

 during the process into a vessel 

 filled with naphtha, it was ex- 

 cluded from oxygen, and con- 

 sequently retained its metallic 

 appearance, which resembles that 

 of silver. But no further investi- 

 gations can be made, in the present 



state of 



perties as a metal, 



lie air is admitted 



regarding its pro- 

 U for the instant 

 to it, 



it absorbs oxygen rapidly, bums 

 with an intense white light, and 

 re-produces lime, which is a prot- 

 oxide of calcium. 



CALC-TUEF. A deposit of carbonate of 

 lime from calcareous springs. Se 

 Calcareous Tufa. 



CA'UX. \ (cvXaf, Gr. calix, Lat calict, 



CA'LTX. >Fr. caUc^Ii.) The calyx, 

 or flower-cup, is the outer expanded 

 part, or external covering, of a 

 flower, generally resembling the 

 leaves in colour and texture; there 

 are seven kinds of calyxes, or 

 calyces, namely, periantheum, 

 amentum, spatha, gluma, iflvo- 

 lucrum, volva, perichsetium. 



The calyx is the outer set of the 

 floral envelopes, when there are 

 more than one verticil of these. It 

 is composed of two at least, but 

 generally more, leaves, called sepals. 

 When the sepals are distinct, or 

 separate from each other, the calyx 

 issaidtobej7y*4pan. In many 

 plants the sepals are joined together, 

 more or less, by their edges, so as 

 to form one piece in appearance; 

 in this case the calyx is said to be 

 monosepabus. When all the sepals 

 are alike in size and form, the 

 calyx is said to be regular. When 

 the sepals vary in size or form, the 

 calyxissaidtobetmyidar. When 

 the calyx has one of its sepals 

 hollowed out into a long thin tube, 

 as in the larkspur, geranium, &c., 

 it is said to be spurred. When the 

 calyx dies off soon after or im- 

 mediately on its expanding, it is 

 termed deciduous; this is commonly 

 the case with polysepalous calyces. 

 When the calyx survives the rest 

 of the flower, either enclosing or 

 forming part of the fruit, it is said 

 tote persistent: most monosepalous 

 calyces are persistent 



GA'IUABD. A provincial name for a 

 fine grained silicious stone, a mem- 



