C A L 



(.68 ] 



CAN 



ber of the coal series: it is used 

 for mending the roads, and often 

 exhibits films and encrustations of 

 coal. It is also called ganister and 

 galliard. 



CALO'BIC. (from color, Lat. heat.) 

 An imaginary fluid substance, sup- 

 posed to be diffused through all 

 bodies, the sensible effect of which 

 is termed heat. 



CALOEI'METEB. An instrument for 

 measuring the degree of caloric. 



CALP. A sub-species of carbonate of 

 lime ; an argillo-ferruginous lime- 

 stone. The name given to a mem- 

 ber of the Irish carboniferous series; 

 it consists of black limestones. 



CALY'MENE. (from /ce/caXv/i/ieV?/, Gr. 

 concealed.) A genus of trilobites, 

 which appears to have been anni- 

 hilated at the termination of the 

 carboniferous strata. Fossils of this 

 family were long confounded with 

 insects under the name of Ento- 

 molithus paradoxus. The following 

 is M. Brongniart's description of 

 Calymene : " Corps contractile, en 

 sphere presque hemicylindrique. 

 Bouclier portant pulsieurs tubercles 

 ou plis, deux tubercules oculiformes 

 reticules. Abdomen et post abdo- 

 men a bords entiers, T abdomen 

 divise en douze ou quatorze articles. 

 Point de queue prolongee." The 

 Calymene has also been called the 

 Dudley fossil : several species have 

 been described ; six are figured in 

 Sir R, Murchison's Silurian Sys- 

 tem, namely, C. Elumenbachii, C. 

 Downingeoe, C. Tuberculata, C. 

 Macropthalma, C. variolaris, and 

 C. Punctata. The last of these is 

 stated to have been found in the 

 lower, the other five in the upper 

 Silurian rocks. 



CALI'PTRA. (Kakvinpa, Gr. calyptra, 

 Lat.) The calyx of mosses, accord- 

 ing to some writers. In the mosses, 

 the organs of reproduction consist 

 of sporules, contained within an 

 urn, or theca, placed at the top of 

 a thin stalk : this is closed with a 



lid, called an operculum, and that 

 again is covered with a hood termed 

 a cdlyptra. 



CALYPTEE'A. A fossil conoidal uni- 

 valve, with the apex entire, erect, 

 and somewhat pointed, the cavity 

 furnished with a spirally convoluted 

 lip ; also recent. Parkinson. 



CA'MBIUIT. (cambium, Latin.) In 

 botany, a juice exuded between the 

 bark and the alburnum, supposed 

 to serve the purpose of nourishing 

 the fibres of the leaf buds. 



CA'MBEIAN. (from Cambria, a name 

 for the principality of "Wales.) A 

 name given by Professor Sedgwick 

 to a group of rocks, placed below 

 the Silurian, from their being 

 largely developed in Worth Wales ; 

 they principally consist of slaty 

 sandstone and conglomerate. The 

 Cambrian rocks belong to the 

 Grawacke group, and geology owes 

 much to Professor Sedgwick for 

 the valuable information he has 

 supplied in relation to them. The 

 Cambrian strata are not only con- 

 terminous with the Silurian system, 

 but are in several parts seen to rise 

 from beneath its lowest beds, and 

 to unite with them. 



CAMPA'NULATE. (from campanula, 

 Lat.) Bell-shaped; in the form of 

 a bell. A term applied to the 

 calyx or corolla. 



CAMPANULA'BIA. A zoophyte, found 

 abundantly on our shores, and thus 

 named from its bell-shaped cells 

 placed on footstalks. 



CANALI'CTJLATED. (from canaliculatus, 

 Latin.) Channelled; furrowed; 

 made like a pipe or gutter. Applied 

 to any distinct groove or furrow in 

 shells. 



CANCELLA'BIA. A genus of shell com- 

 prising many species. It is an ovate, 

 or subturrated univalve, with the lip 

 internally sulcated; the base of the 

 opening slightly channelled. The 

 columella having sharp, but com- 

 pressed, plicae. Fossils of this genus 

 have been found in the London 



