CAP 



[69 ] 



C A 



clay and calc-grossier of Paris. 

 The recent cancellaria is found in 

 sandy mud at depths varying from 

 5 to 15 fathoms. 



CANCELLATED, (from cancelli, lattice- 

 work, Lat.) Cross-barred; marked 

 with lines crossing each other. In 

 conehology, surrounded with arched 

 longitudinal ribs. 



CA'NDLE-COAL. j Called also splint or 



CA'NNEL-COAL. ) parrot coal. (This 

 substance has probably obtained its 

 name from the bright flame, un- 

 mixed with smoke, which it yields 

 during combustion, lighting a room 

 as with candles, candle being pro- 

 vincially pronounced cannel.} Can- 

 dle, or cannel, coal is a bituminous 

 substance, next in purity to jet. 

 It is black, opaque, compact, and 

 brittle; breaking with a conchoidal 

 fracture. Cannel-coal does not 

 soil the fingers when handled, is 

 susceptible of polish, and is capable, 

 like jet, of being worked into trin- 

 kets and ornaments. The difference 

 between jet and cannel-coal appears 

 to consist entirely in the presence 

 or absence of foreign earthy matters. 

 When these are absent, or exist in 

 minute proportion only, the bitu- 

 minous mass is so light as to float 

 on water, and then the term jet is 

 properly applicable ; but when the 

 presence of foreign earthy matters 

 is considerable, and the mass is 

 specifically heavier than water, and 

 dees not readily manifest electric 

 properties, it is with more propriety 

 termed cannel-coal. According to 

 Dr. Thomson, cannel-coal contains 

 21-56 of hydrogen, whereas New- 

 castle coal contains only 4*18 per 

 cent. "Cannel coal never manifests 

 internally any traces of vegetable 

 structure, but sometimes bears on 

 its surface evident marks of im- 

 pressions formed on it whilst in a 

 soft state." Parkinson* 



CAPRI'NA. A genus of fossil bivalve 

 shells belonging to the family 

 Rudistes of Lamark. M. D'Orbigny 



has separated this genus from Di- 

 ceras (see that genus). One species, 

 the C. inoequirostratus, is recorded 

 from the chalk of Norfolk. Lycett. 



CAPHO'TINA. (See Dicer as.} A genus 

 established by M. D'Orbigny. The 

 C. Lonsdalei is found in the lower 

 green sand near Calne, in Wiltshire. 

 Lycett. 



CAPSA. A genus of transverse, equi- 

 valved, close shells, of the order 

 Nymphacece ; the hinge has two 

 teeth on the right valve, and one 

 on the left; there are no lateral 

 teeth ; ligament external. 



CA'PSTONE. The name for a fossil 

 echinite, or that genus of eehinite 

 known as conulus. 



The capstone, thus called from 

 its supposed resemblance to a cap, 

 rises from a circular base into a 

 cone, with an acute or obtuse 

 vertex, from which five pairs of 

 punctuated or crenulated lines 

 pass, dividing the shell into five 

 large and five small areas, that in 

 which the anal aperture is placed 

 being rather the largest. Parkin- 

 son. 



CA'PSULE. (capsula, Lat. capsule, Fr.) 



1. In botany, a membranous or 

 woody seed vessel, internally con- 

 sisting of one or more cells, splitting 

 into several valves, and sometimes 

 discharging its contents through 

 pores or orifices, or falling off 

 entire with the seed. 



2. A membranous or ligamentous 

 bag. 



CAOTJ'TCHOTJC. 



1. Vegetable caoutchouc, called 

 also elastic-gum, and India-rubber, 

 is the milky exudation from certain 

 trees, more especially the Hsevea 

 caoutchouc and the latropha elas- 

 tica, but it is obtained from several 

 others. 



2. Mineral caoutchouc. A bitu- 

 minous fossil, elastic when soft, 

 but brittle when hard. It was 

 discovered in 1786 near Castletown 

 in Derbyshire. In its appearance 



