CAR 



[ 74 ] CAR 



longitudinal prominence like the 

 keel of a vessel. 



CAEIN'THINE. A variety of horn- 

 blende, of a dark green or black 

 colour. It obtains its name from 

 being found in Carinthia. 

 CAEN. ) The name assigned to small 

 KAEN. j round hills in some parts 

 of England; in others these are 

 called tors. Carn-Marth and Carn- 

 Brea are two small hills near 

 Eedruth, in Cornwall. 

 CAENA'EIA. (carnarius, Lat.) Flesh- 

 eating animals. In Cuvier's ar- 

 rangement, the third order of 

 Mammalia. 



CAENE'LIAIT. j (cornaline^i.cornalina, 

 CAENE'LION. j It. The Karneol of 

 Werner, Quartz-agathe Cornaline 

 of Haiiy.) A precious stone of 

 various colours, as red, brown, 

 yellow, and white. It is a variety 

 of rhombohedral quartz. The finest 

 specimens are brought from India. 

 Carnelian is composed of 94 parts 

 silica, 3*50 alumina, and a trace of 

 oxide of iron. Carnelian differs 

 from calcedony only in being more 

 or less transparent. It varies in 

 its constituents from being nearly 

 pure silex, to a mixture of this 

 earth with alumine and iron, in 

 small quantities. Some particulars 

 relative to the carnelians of Cambay 

 are given in a memorandum from 

 the minute book of the Geological 

 Society. " These carnelians are 

 all procured from the neighbour- 

 hood of Broach, by sinking pits 

 during the dry season in the chan- 

 nels of torrents. The nodules 

 which are thus found lie intermixed 

 with other rolled pebbles, and 

 weigh from a few ounces to two or 

 three pounds. Their colour when 

 recent is blackish olive passing 

 into grey. The preparation which 

 they undergo is, first, exposure to 

 the sun for several weeks, and then 

 calcination. This latter process is 

 performed by packing the stones in 

 earthen pots, and covering them 



with a layer five or six inches 

 thick of dried goats' dung ; fire is 

 then applied to the mass, and in 

 twelve hours time the pots are 

 sufficiently cool to be removed. 

 The stones which they contain are 

 now examined, and are found to 

 be some of them red, others pink, 

 and others nearly colourless, the 

 difference depending partly on the 

 original quantity of colouring mat- 

 ter and partly on the difference of 

 heat applied." 



CAENI'VOEA. (from caro carnis, and 

 voro, Lat.) 1. Animals which subsist 

 solely on flesh. They belong to 

 the third order, class "Mammalia. 

 This order is divided into three 

 families, Digitigrada, Plantigrada, 

 and Pinnigrada. 



CAENI'VOEOFS. (carmvorus, Lat. carni- 

 vore, Fr.) Living on flesh; de- 

 vouring flesh. 



CA'EOTID. (from Kaptorides, Gr. caro- 

 tides, Lat. carotides Fr.) The name 

 given to certain arteries of the neck. 



CA'EPAL. (from carpus. Lat. icapi-os, 

 Gr.) "Relating to the wrist. 



CAEPE'LLTJM. (from KapTros, Gr.) In 

 botany, a leaf in a particular state 

 of modification. Each modified 

 leaf which forms the pistil, is called 

 a carpellum, and has its under side 

 turned outwards, and its upper 

 inwards, or towards the centre of 

 the flower. The carpella are folded 

 so that the margins of the leaf are 

 next to the axis, or centre : from 

 these a kind of bud is produced, 

 which is the seed. On the form 

 of the carpella, on their number, 

 and on their arrangement around 

 the centre, depends, necessarily, 

 the form of the pistil. 



CA'EPOLITE. \ (from Kap7ros,fructu8, 



CA'EPOLITH. and \j6os, lapis.) 



CAEPOif THUS. ) Any fruit which 

 by silification has been converted 

 into stone. 



CABPO'LOGY. (from Kap7rb<$ and Xcfyo?, 

 Gr.) That branch of the science of 

 botany which treats of fruits. 



