C E 



[77] 



CEP 



CE'LLLUAR INTEGUMENT. In botany, 

 the succulent pulpy substance 

 situated immediately under the 

 cuticle ; the seat of colour, mostly 

 green, particularly in the leaves or 

 branches. Leaves consist almost 

 entirely of this substance, covered 

 on each side by the cuticle ; the 

 stems and branches of both annual 

 and perennial plants are invested 

 with it. This tissue is membranous 

 and transparent : in its simplest 

 state, it appears like a mass of 

 globules or vesicles, crowded to- 

 gether ; these, by pressing against 

 each other, assume a six-sided, or 

 hexagonal, form. This cellular 

 tissue allows of the passage of 

 fluids, and is consequently porous, 

 but no pores or openings have been 

 discovered in it. Cellular integu- 

 ment is in itself colourless, but its 

 vesicles contain that colouring 

 matter which gives to the corolla 

 its brilliant colours, and to the 

 herbaceous parts of plants their 

 green. 



CEMENTA'TION. (cementation, Er.) 

 1 . The act of uniting by means of 

 cement. 2. A chemical process 

 by which iron is converted into 

 steel ; glass into porcelain, &c. 

 This process is effected by surround- 

 ing the body to be acted on with 

 some other substance, as iron with 

 charcoal, and subjecting it to the 

 action of fire in a closed vessel. 



CEMOR'IA. A genus of patelliform 

 univalve shells, separated by M. 

 Leach from Fissurella, on account 

 of its having the fissure placed 

 behind the apex, which is produced 

 and incurved. C. novehina has 

 been found in pleistocene marls at 

 Dalmuir, and in Sweden and 

 Norway. Lycett. 



CENTIFO'LIOUS. (from centum and 

 folium, Lat.) Having a hundred 

 leaves. 



CENTRE OF GRAVITY. A point in 

 every body, which if supported, 

 the body will remain at rest, in 



whatever position it may be placed. 

 Above that point, all the Jparts 

 exactly balance one another. The 

 centre of gravity of the solar 

 system is within the body of the 

 sun, because his mass is much 

 greater than the masses of all 

 the planets and satellites added 

 together. 



CENTRIFUGAL, (centrifugo, It. centri- 

 fuge^?. Terme de Physique. Un 

 corps qui se meut en rond, d une 

 force centrifuge.) That power 

 which bodies in rapid rotatory 

 motion acquire of flying off from 

 the centre. The force with which 

 a revolving body tends to fly from the 

 centre of motion : a sling tends to fly 

 from the hand in consequence of the 

 centrifugal force. The centrifugal 

 force arising from the velocity of 

 the moon in her orbit, balances the 

 attraction of the earth. The di- 

 mensions of the earth being known, 

 as well as the time of its rotation, 

 it is easy thence to calculate the 

 exact amount of the centrifugal 

 force, which, at the equator, 

 appears to be = 2 J 9 th part of the 

 force or weight by which all bodies, 

 whether solid or liquid, tend to 

 fall towards the earth. 



CENTRI'PETAL. (centrvp&te, Fr. Qui 

 tende dpproelier d'un centre. Les 

 planbtes ont une force centrip&te vers 

 le soleil.) The contrary power to 

 centrifugal, for while the one 

 drives, as it were, the surrounding 

 bodies from the centre, the other, 

 the centripetal, attracts and holds 

 them to it. 



CEPHALAS'PIAN. Relating to the ce- 

 phalaspis ; resembling the cephalas- 

 pis. "The remains of a large 

 cuirassed fish of the cephalaspian 

 type." Hugh Miller. 



CEPHALA'SPIS. (from Ke0aXiJ, a head, 

 and aairls, a buckler, buckler-head ; 

 pi. cephalaspides). A fossil fish 

 of the cornstone formation, so 

 named by Agassiz, from its head 

 being covered by a sort of shield, 



