C E Y 



r 



have no gills; there is an orifice on 

 the top of the head through which 

 they breathe, and eject water; and 

 they have a flat horizontal tail. 

 The cetacea breathe by means of 

 lungs, and this compels them to 

 rise frequently to the surface of the 

 water for the purpose of respiration ; 

 they also sleep on the surface. The 

 cetacea both bring forth their young 

 alive, and suckle them. Cetacea 

 constituted the ninth order of the 

 class Mammalia, and is divided into 

 six families, namely Zeuglodontidos, 

 Delphinidce, Monodontidoe, Hetero- 

 dontidce, Physeteridce, and Bal- 

 cenidce. 



CETIOSAUBUS. A genus of extinct 

 reptiles, bearing some resemblance 

 to the cetaceans. The vertebrae 

 are almost circular at the ends, and 

 have a very short body ; the front 

 articulating surface is nearly flat, 

 and the other concave, in the dorsal 

 vertebrae, but in the caudal, both 

 ends are deeply hollowed; they 

 are often found eight inches in 

 diameter. The Cetiosauri must 

 have equalled the whales in bulk. 



CETOSIS. A genus of fossil multilo- 

 cular shells having a stellated 

 opening at the pointed termination. 



CETOTOLITE. (from K^TOS, a whale, 

 ws, an ear, and Xttfo's, a stone, Gr.) 

 The name assigned by Prof. Owen 

 to a fossil ear-bone of the whale. 

 " I have proposed to call the bodies 

 in question cetotolites, as they con- 

 sist of portions of the ear-bones of 

 large cetacea." Prof. Owen. 



C'EYLANITE. The pleonaste of Haiiy ; 

 zeylanite of Werner; ceylanit of 

 La Metherie ; candite of Bournon. 

 A dark green or black variety of 

 dodecahedral corundum. It occurs 

 in the sand of the rivers of Ceylon, 

 from which island it obtains its 

 name. Prom its being found in 

 the rivers and alluvial country 

 around Candy in the isle of Ceylon, 

 Bournon named it candite. Some 

 mineralogists place Ceylanite in 



] C H A 



the members of the ruby family. 

 By some it is regarded as a variety 

 of spinel, but its specific gravity is 

 higher, and it differs from spinel 

 as well in colour as in composition. 

 Ceylanite is found sometimes in 

 rounded grains, is often crystal- 

 lized in octahedrons, sometimes 

 with truncated edges ; also in 

 dodecahedrons with rhombic faces, 

 of which eight solid angles are 

 sometimes truncated. Specific 

 gravity, according to Haiiy, is from 

 3-76 to 3-79. It is of sufficient 

 hardness to scratch quartz. Struc- 

 ture indistinctly foliated ; fracture 

 shining and conchoidal, with large 

 smooth cavities. 



It is nearly or quite opaque, its 

 common colour being of a dark 

 blue or nearly black, but its 

 fragments transmit a dark greenish 

 light. 



It is met with in the drusy 

 cavities of certain lavas of Somma 

 and Vesuvius. According to the 

 analysis of Descotils, it consists of 

 alumina, 68'0, silica 2-0, magnesia 

 12'0, oxide of iron 16*0. Laugier 

 discovered 2'0 of lime in what he 

 analysed. 



When met with in grains it may 

 be confounded with tourmaline, 

 but it may be distinguished from 

 tourmaline by its resinous lustre, 

 greater specific gravity, and by its 

 not becoming electric when heated. 

 La Metherie first established it as 

 a distinct species, and as such it 

 was subsequently acknowledged 

 by Haiiy and Werner. 

 CHA'BASITE. Ehombohedral zeolite, 

 The chabasie of Haiiy, and scha- 

 basit of Werner. A mineral of a 

 white colour, with sometimes a 

 rosy tinge. It occurs crystallized 

 and massive. It is composed of 

 silica, alumina, lime, potass, soda, 

 and water, silica forming about 

 fifty per cent, of the whole. 

 CHALA'ZA. (xaXao, Gr.) In botany, 

 a small swelling on the outside of 



