E N C 



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E K D 



the new red sandstone group, and 

 principally in Lower Saxony. 



ENCRINI'TAL. Containing the remains 

 of encrinites. The Derbyshire en- 

 crinital marble is formed of the 

 fossilized remains of the crinoidea, 

 cemented together by carbonate of 

 lime. 



ENCRI'NUS. A genus of the order 

 Pedicellata, class Echinodermata, 

 in Cuvier's arrangement. 



"The characters of this genus/' 

 says Pidgeon, "may thus be given : 

 a stelliform or radiated body, com- 

 posed of five principal rays, sub- 

 divided into three or four articulated 

 branches, pinnated in their entire 

 length, presenting, at the upper 

 convave surface, a series of pores. 

 The body is supported at its ex- 

 tremity by a long stem, vertical, 

 polygonous, and articulated, and 

 furnished in its length with a 

 variable number of verticillae, 

 composed of five small simple 

 branches, equally articulated, and 

 probably adherent to submarine 

 bodies." 



E'NDOCARP. (from ei/eW, within, and 

 /ca/>7ro9, fruit, Gr.) The stone or 

 shell of certain fruits is called the 

 endocarp, as in the peach, cherry, 

 &c. ; the outer skin the epicarp ; 

 the fleshy substance, the sarcocarp. 



ENDOGE'NS. The fourth class of the 

 vegetable kingdom, comprising, 

 Glumiferae, PetaloideaB, and Die- 

 tyogense. 



ENDOGENOUS. Plants are called en- 

 dogenous (from two Greek words, 

 evSov and ryivofiai) the growth of 

 whose stems takes place by addition 

 from within, while those whose 

 growth takes place by addition from 

 without are named exogenous. The 

 ferns and equisetacea3 are endo- 

 genous plants. 



ENDOGENI'TES ECHINA'TUS. The name 

 assigned by M. Brongniart to the 



fossil trunk of a tree, nearly four 

 feet in diameter, obtained from the 

 calcaire grossier at Yaillet, near 

 Soissons. 



ENDOGENI'TES EEO'SA. A fossil plant 

 discovered by Dr. Fitton at Hast- 

 lings, imbedded in clay. The 

 stems, when cut and polished, 

 exhibit the monocotyledonous struc- 

 ture, and were considered related 

 to the palms. It occurs in the 

 strata of Tilgate forest. A small 

 specimen exhibiting that very pe- 

 culiar eroded appearance of the 

 exterior, which its specific name 

 denotes, is beautifully figured in 

 Dr. MantelPs Geology of the South- 

 East of England. 



Dr. Fitton thus describes some 

 specimens of this fossil, "all the 

 specimens lay with their longer 

 diameter and their flatter surfaces 

 in the horizontal position. Their 

 appearance, when first uncovered 

 by the removal of the rock above, 

 was that of elongated and flattened 

 elliptical bodies, tapering at both 

 extremities. They consist of two 

 distinct portions ; a stony nucleus, 

 of a dark brownish grey colour, 

 with a very slight tinge of purple ; 

 and a crust or case, in the state of 

 lignite, which has externally a 

 nearly uniform surface, and varies 

 in thickness from about one tenth 

 to half an inch. The size of the 

 different specimens varies consider- 

 ably. The largest that I saw in 

 its place must have been in the 

 whole full nine feet long The 

 width in the middle was 12 inches, 

 and the greatest thickness four 

 inches. The original form of this 

 vegetable was probably cylindrical; 

 and that shape is still retained in 

 a large specimen of a nucleus from 

 Tilgate Forest, now in the British 

 Museum." Geological Events. 



ENDOSI'PHONITE. (from evSov, and 

 ffttywv, Gr.) A cephalopod, found 

 in the Cambrian rocks. The si- 

 phuncle is ventral, differing therein 



