E R U 



L 



It appears to be certain that, in the 

 dispersion of boulders, the present 

 physical configuration of the neigh- 

 bouring regions had great influence ; 

 they are found to descend from the 

 Cumbrian mountains northward in 

 the vale of Eden to Carlisle, east- 

 ward to the foot of the Penine chain, 

 southward by the Lune and the 

 Kent to the narrow tract between 

 Bolland Forest and the bay of 

 Morecambe ; and from the vicinity 

 of Lancaster they are traced at 

 intervals through the comparatively 

 low country of Preston and Man- 

 chester, lying between the sea and 

 the Yorkshire and Derbyshire hills, 

 to the valley of the Trent, the 

 plains of Cheshire and Staffordshire, 

 and the vale of the Severn, where 

 they occur of great magnitude." 

 Phillips 1 Treatise on Geology. 



ERUCTA'TION. (eructatio, Lat. Eructa- 

 tion, Fr.) A violent belching forth 

 of wind or other matter, as from a 

 volcano or geyser. 



EET/GINOUS. (from terugo, Eat. eru- 

 gineux, Fr. ruginoso, It.) 



1. Of the nature of copper. 



2. Of a bright green colour, in- 

 clining to blue. 



EEY'CINA. An equivalved, inequi- 

 lateral, transverse bivalve. The 

 hinge-teeth two, diverging up- 

 wards, with a small intermediate 

 pit; the lateral teeth compressed 

 and oblong. The cartilage inserted 

 in the hinge-pit. Lamarck is of 

 opinion that the shells of this genus 

 exist only fossil, and enumerates 

 eleven species found in the environs 

 of Paris. He places them in the 

 family Mactracea. 



ESCA'LOP. | Commonly called scollop. 



ESCA'LLOP. j A bivalve, whose shell 

 is regularly indented. 



E'SCAE. The name given to certain 

 glacial deposits, chiefly consisting 

 of pebbles of carboniferous lime- 

 stones, heaped sometimes into 

 ridges from 40 to 80 feet high, and 



13 ] ESS 



. from one to twenty miles long, these 



are called Escars. 

 ESCA'EPMENT. (escarpement,T?i.) The 



steep face of a ridge of high land ; 



the escarpment of a mountain range 



is generally on that side which is 



nearest to the sea. 

 ES'CHAEA, (eschar a, Lat.) 



1. Fishes which are said to chew 

 the cud. 



2. In Linnaeus' s arrangement, es- 

 chara forms the fifth order of 

 Zoophytes, each polypus being con- 

 tained in a calcareous or horny 

 shell, without any central axis. 



3. A genus of zoophytes, ten species 

 of which have been named by 

 Gold fuss as occurring in the cre- 

 taceous group, in the neighbourhood 

 of Maestricht. 



ESCHABI'NA. A genus of corals thus 

 named by Milne Edwards. 



ESO'PHAGUS. (from OKD and (frayeiv, 

 Gr. esophage, Fr. esdfago, It.) The 

 canal, or passage, leading from the 

 pharynx to the stomach, and through 

 which the food passes from the 

 mouth to the stomach. It is also 

 written esophagus. 



E'sox (Lat.) The pike, a genus of 

 fishes of the order Abdominales. 

 The esox has small intermaxillaries 

 furnished with little pointed teeth 

 in the middle of the upper jaw, of 

 which they form the two-thirds, 

 those on the sides of the jaw being 

 edentated. The vomer, palatines, 

 tongue, pharyngeals, and rays of 

 the branchiae, bristled with teeth 

 resembling those of a carp. The 

 dorsal fin is exactly opposite to the 

 anal. 



ESSENTIAL CHAEACTEE. That single 

 circumstance which serves to dis- 

 tinguish a genus from every other 

 genus. 



E'SSONITE. Another name for cin- 

 namon-stone. A variety of dode- 

 cahedral garnet, of an orange 

 yellow, or hyacinth colour. The 

 finest are brought from Ceylon. 

 See Cinnamon stone. 



