GAL 



L 185 



G A 



glance. Its colour is bluish-grey, 

 resembling lead. Occurs regularly 

 crystallized, frequently in cubes 

 and cubo-octahedrons. Before the 

 blow-pipe it decrepitates and melts, 

 emitting a sulphureous smell. It 

 is found in every lead-mine. There 

 are two varieties, common galena 

 and compact galena. 



GALEEI'TES. A genus of Eadiaria : 

 nineteen species have been deter- 

 mined, all in a mineralized state, 

 and they have been distinguished 

 by various names, as scolopendrite, 

 bufonite, cap-stones, &c. 



GALLINA'CEJE. The fourth order of 

 the second class Aves. So called 

 from their affinity with the domes- 

 tic cock. 



GALLING. The fifth order of the 

 class Aves, comprising the fowl, 

 grouse, partridge, &c. 



GALLIA'ED. } Provincial names for a 



CALLIAED. ) trappean sandstone of 

 a hard, smooth, flinty character. 



GALT. j A provincial name for a stiff 



GAULT. j marl, varying in colour 

 from a light grey to a dark blue. 

 The upper and lower beds of the 

 green-sand are in many places 

 separated by the gait ; it has been 

 also called Folks tone Marl. The 

 gait abounds in fossil remains, re- 

 markable for their beauty, the 

 pearly covering of the shells being 

 in many instances preserved. The 

 gait is a member of the cretaceous 

 group, passing, in its lower parts, 

 into calcareous marl. The fossils 

 hitherto found in the gait belong 

 to forty-three species, among which 

 are several species of ammonites 

 and hamites ; nautili and belem- 

 nites; nuculae andinocerami; cary- 

 ophilleae, &c. The gait rarely ex- 

 ceeds 100 feet in thickness; al- 

 though in some parts of Sussex it 

 is not less than 250. It is a soil 

 that must rank, says Mr. Young, 

 among the finest in this or any 

 other country, being pure clay and 

 calcareous earth. The occurrence 



of this mud, says Sir H. De La 

 Beche, marks a modification of the 

 causes that transported and brought 

 detrital matter to rest during the 

 deposit of the sands beneath the 

 chalk, and the area over which it 

 took place was considerable. The 

 gault is frequently composed of 

 clay in the upper, and marls in the 

 lower part, containing disseminated 

 specks of mica. It effervesces 

 strongly with acids. 



GAMOPE'TALOUS. Another term for 

 monopetalous. Having the petals 

 united by their edges; a corolla, 

 the petals of which are all united 

 by their edges. 



GAMOSE'PALOUS. In botany, a term 

 used for a calyx when the sepals of 

 which it is composed are all united. 



GANGTJE. (Called also Matrix.) The 

 substance in or on which a mineral 

 is found. 



GANISTEE. (Called also Calliard.) 

 The provincial name for a fine 

 grained silicious stone, a member 

 of the coal series. 



GA'NOID. Belonging to the order 

 Ganoidial. 



GANOI'DIA. (from 701/0?, Gr. splen- 

 dour, from the brightness of their 

 enamel.) The second order of 

 fishes, according to the arrangement 

 of M. Agassiz. The families of 

 this order are characterized by 

 angular scales, composed of horny 

 or bony plates, covered with a 

 thick plate of enamel. The bony 

 pike and sturgeons are of this order. 

 It contains more than sixty genera, 

 of which fifty are extinct. Prof. 

 BucJcland. 



GANOIDIAN. Shining scaled. Be- 

 longing to the order Ganoidia. 

 The ganoidian order of fishes 

 with the placoidean prevailed, 

 exclusively, in all formations till 

 the termination of the oolitic series, 

 when they ceased suddenly and 

 were replaced by genera of new 

 orders, the Ctenoidean and Cycloi- 

 B B 



