H A 11 



[211] 



HAS 



number. The file should be cut 

 fine, and of the hardest steel. 



HAR'MOTOME. (from apjws, a joint, 

 and re/aw, to divide.) The Kreutz- 

 stein of Werner; Cross-stone of 

 Jameson ; Pierre cruciform of Bro- 

 chant ; Staurolite of Kirwan. See 

 Cross-stone. 



HA'BPA. A genus of shells placed by 

 Cuvier in the family Buccinoida, 

 order Pectinibranchiata, class Gas- 

 teropoda. A beautiful genus of 

 shells, distinguishable from all 

 others by the regular longitudinal 

 ribs that mark the external surface, 

 in some degree resembling a string- 

 ed instrument, from which the 

 name is derived. The genus is 

 both fossil and recent ; the shells 

 are marine, and are inhabitants of 

 warm climates. 



HA'KPAX. (Parkinson.) A proposed 

 fossil genus of bivalve shells found- 

 ed upon the well known Plicatula 

 spinosa of the Lower Lias. Harpax 

 has long since by universal consent 

 been merged in Plicatula ; recently 

 however, (1858) M. Eudes Deslong- 

 champs has proposed to re-establish 

 Harpax, in an elaborate memoir, 

 entitled, ' ' Essai sur les Plicatules 

 fossiles des terrains du Calvados," 

 wherein he has figured and describ- 

 ed many species of Harpax from 

 the Jurassic rocks of Calvados ; 

 compared with Plicatula the dis- 

 tinct ionresides chiefly in the hinge, 

 and in the figure of the borders of 

 the fossa which receive the cardi- 

 nal teeth. Lycett. 



HASTINGS BEDS. } The name as- 



HASTINGS SANDS, j signed by Dr. 

 Fitton to the central group of the 

 Wealden formation, from their 

 great development in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Hastings. The Hast- 

 ings beds comprise the Horsted 

 sand ; the Tilgate Forest strata ; 

 and the Worth sandstone. These 

 consist of numerous strata of sands 

 and sandstones, often ferruginous, 

 and occasionally intermingled with 



shales. The organic remains found 

 in these beds are not numerous as 

 regards species ; they are, however, 

 characterized by containing bones 

 of the Iguanodon. The Hastings 

 sands attain a thickness in some 

 places of 400 feet and upwards. 

 These sandy clays, says Dr. Fitton, 

 have, in general, great variety of 

 composition and colour; being in 

 some places almost totally composed 

 of sand, in others of clay, or Pul- 

 ler's earth, frequently mottled with 

 various shades of tea-green, and 

 dark purplish red. The Hastings 

 sands consist throughout of beds of 

 sand, calciferous grit, clay and shale,, 

 with argillaceous iron ore, and 

 limestone abounding in shells : and 

 of these, clay intermixed with sand 

 forms so very large a proportion, 

 that the name of the stratum, 

 might, perhaps, with equal pro- 

 priety, have been taken from the 

 former substance. Dr. Pitton gives 

 the following as the order of the 

 beds of the Hastings sands in 

 Sussex : 



1. Ferruginous and fawn-coloured 

 sands, and sand-rock, including 

 small linear portions of lignite, 

 with stiff grey loam. 



2. Sand-rock, with concretional 

 courses of calciferous grit. 



3. Dark coloured shale, ten to 

 twelve feet thick. 



4. The white sand-rock of the 

 Hastings cliffs ; about one hundred 

 feet thick. 



5. Clay, shale, thin beds of sand- 

 stone ; lignite, and silicified wood. 



6. Sand-rock, without concretions ; 

 dividing naturally into rhomboidal 

 masses; numerous veins of argil- 

 laceous iron ore and of clay, ap- 

 proaching to pipe- clay at the lower 

 part. 



7. Dark coloured shale, with round- 

 ish masses of sand-rock, and several 

 layers of rich ironstone, thin layers 

 of lignite, and innumerable frag- 

 ments of carbonized vegetables. 



