J U R 



[241 ] 



K A 



Jura and the outer ranges of the 

 Alps, the calcareous formations are 

 of such immense magnitude, and 

 the beds are often so higly indurated 

 and crystalline, that it is only from 

 their relative position and imbedded 

 fossils, that we can trace their 

 analogy to the English strata. 

 JURASSIC, (from Jura.) The name 

 given to certain strata composing 

 the mountain-chain of the Jura, or 

 the fossil remains therein contained; 

 it is synonymous with oolitic ; 

 the Jurassic system of rocks consist 

 of three great divisions, the lower 



of which is the Lias formation; the 

 middle includes the Inferior oolite, 

 the Great oolite, the Cornbrash, the 

 Kelloway rock, and the Oxford 

 clay ; the upper is the Coralline 

 oolite formation, with its subordi- 

 nate calcareous grits, and the Port- 

 landian formation, with its subor- 

 dinate members of Kimmeridge 

 clay, Portland oolite, and Purbeck 

 limestone. LyceU. 

 JU'XTA-POSI'TIOX. (juxta-position, Fr. 

 juxta and.positw, Lat.) The state 

 of being placed in nearness or con- 

 tiguity; apposition. 



KAINOZ'OIC. A term used by Palaeon- 

 tologists as applicable to strata 

 containing recent fossil remains; it 

 is synonymous with tertiary, and 

 has been divided into the Human, 

 Historical, or Eecent period ; the 

 Pleistocene period ; the Pliocene 

 period ; the Miocene period ; and the 

 Eocene period. 



KAMM. A provincial term, used in 

 Cornwall, for that portion which 

 lies over the bed or principal di- 

 vision of a mineral deposit. The 

 mineral deposit may be divided 

 into two parts, the bed or floor, 

 and the Kamm or overly er. 



KANEELSTEIN. \ Names given by Wer- 



KANNELSTEIN. f ner, Haiiy, and 

 others to Cinnamon Stone. See 

 Cinnamon Stone. 



KANGAROO'. An animal of the genus 

 didelphys, the Didelphys gigantea 

 of Linnseus. It is a native of New 

 Holland. When of full growth, it 

 attains the size cf a large sheep. 

 The fore-legs are short, the 

 hind legs of considerable length, so 

 that it advances by leaping rather 

 than walking or running. 



KA'OLIN. (The Porzellan Erde of Wer- 

 ner; the Argile Kaolin of Brong- 



niart ; and Feldspath decompose of 

 Haiiy.) Porcelain clay. The name 

 of an earth which is used as one of 

 the ingredients in the manu- 

 facture of oriental porcelain. Mr. 

 Bake well observes, " I believe it is 

 the soft earthy granite from the 

 mountains of Auvergne which sup- 

 plies the kaolin used in the porce- 

 lain manufacture at Sevres. Mons. 

 Brongniart shewed me a specimen 

 of their best kaolin : it contained 

 crystals of pinite." M. Bromare 

 says that by analysing some Chinese 

 kaolin, he found it was a compound 

 earth, consisting of clay, to which 

 it owed its tenacity ; of calcareous 

 earth ; of sparkling crystals of 

 mica; and of small quartz crystals. 

 He says that he has found a similar 

 earth upon a stratum of granite, 

 and conjectures that it may be a 

 decomposed granite. The kaolin 

 used in most countries for the 

 manufacture of fine porcelain or 

 china, is generally produced from 

 the felspar of decomposing granite, 

 in which the cause of decay is the 

 dissolution and separation of the 

 alkaline ingredients. Cleveland 

 says, "Kaolin is essentially com- 



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