S T 



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S T 



tube ; in form, linear at the base, 

 or crescentic ; in attachment, con- 

 nected directly with the stem, or 

 with the petal; in direction, erect, 

 or variously reflected. Stipules 

 serve to protect the nascent leaves. 



STOMATO'PODA. An order of the class 

 Crustacea; the animals belonging 

 to this order have the antenniferous 

 region of the head distinct from 

 the thorax. 



STONE GALL. The name given by the 

 workmen to an oval or round mass 

 of clay, occurring in variegated 

 sandstone. 



STONE-BOBEE. The name for a mollus- 

 cous bivalve which mechanically 

 perforates, or bores into, rocks. 



STONE COAL. Another name for culm. 

 See Culm. 



STEAMI'NEOUS. Straw-coloured; of a 

 yellow colour resembling that of 

 straw. 



STEATIFICA'TION. The arrangement 

 of substances in strata or layers, 

 like the leaves of a book, one upon 

 another. 



STBA'TIFIED. Arranged in layers or 

 strata, one upon another, like the 

 leaves of a book. 



STEA'TTJM. (stratum, Lat. from ster- 

 no, to lay out, to spread.) A layer 

 of any deposited substance. The 

 term stratum is of general signifi- 

 cation, and independent of the 

 absolute thickness of the mass ; it 

 need never be used as a special 

 term of definition, but reserved for 

 general reasoning. Bakewell ob- 

 serves, " though the word stratum, 

 in its original language, and by 

 general acceptation in speaking of 

 rocks, denotes a bed, it is conve- 

 nient to restrict the term bed to a 

 stratum of considerable thickness ; 

 for such fyds are often subdivided 

 into several distinct minor strata, 

 and we cannot well describe a stra- 

 tified stratum." The true thickness 

 of a stratum is measured by a line 

 perpendicular to the upper and 



under surface, let its inclination 

 be whatever it may. 

 STBEAK. (strich, Germ.) In miner- 

 alogy, that appearance of a mineral 

 which arises from its being scratched 

 by a hard sharp instrument. The 

 streak is said to be similar when the 

 colour of the powder produced by 

 scratching the mineral is the same 

 with the colour of the mineral itself; 

 when the colour varies, the streak 

 is said to be dissimilar. Streak 

 forms one of the physical or exter- 

 nal characters of minerals, and by 

 no means an unimportant one. The 

 particular hue of the powder of a 

 mineral is most easily obtained by 

 rubbing or streaking the specimen 

 on a slab of porcelain biscuit. 

 STUEPSI'PTEEA. (Kirby.) An order 

 of insects, parasitic animals, that 

 have two ample wings, forming the 

 quadrant of a circle, and of a sub- 

 stance between coriaceous and mem- 

 branous ; and two elytriform sub- 

 spiral organs, appendages of the 

 base of the anterior legs. Latreille 

 has given to this order the name 

 Rhipiptera. 



STEEPTOSPO'NDYLTTS. (Reversed spine.) 

 The name assigned to an extinct 

 crocodilian reptile, and so named 

 because the vertebrae are arranged 

 in the spiral column in a position 

 the reverse of that which obtains 

 in all other reptiles of the same 

 osteological type; the convexity of 

 the vertebras being placed anteriorly, 

 whereas in the crocodile, &c., it is 

 in the opposite direction. Mantell. 

 STBI'ATED. (strie, Fr.) Arranged in 

 fine lines running parallel to each 

 other, let the direction of the lines 

 be what it may. Marked with fine 

 thread-like lines, running parallel 

 to each other. 



STRIKE, (slreich, Germ.) The line 

 of bearing of strata. The strike or 

 direction of strata is always at right 

 angles to their dip; if a bed dip 

 due north or south, its strike will 

 be due east and west. 



