S 



L 



SYS 



coal-field of very limited extent. 



SWINE-STONE. The name given by 

 Earwan to fetid carbonate of lime, 

 or stink-stone. 



SY'LVANITE. Native tellurium. 



SY'MON FAULT. A local term applied 

 to the tapering off of coal seams. 

 The coal not unfrequently tapers 

 away and disappears amid the 

 shales and sandstones, constituting 

 what are locally termed "Symon" 

 faults. 



SY'MPHYSIS. (o-v/ix^Wt?, Gr. from 

 avfji^via to grow together.) A term 

 used in anatomy to denote a parti- 

 cular form of union of two bones. 

 Bones united by symphysis have no 

 manifest motion. 



SY'NCHRONAL. } (from avv, the same, 



SYNCHRONOUS. ) and ^p6vo<s, time 

 or age. Gr.) Occuring at the same 

 period of time; simultaneous; of 

 the same age. 



SY'NCLINAL LINES. Lines which form 

 ridges and troughs running nearly 

 parallel to each other. 



SYNGENE'SIA. (from avv, with, and 

 rycWfft?, generation, Gr.) In botany, 

 the nineteenth class of plants in 

 Linnaeus' s artificial system. The 

 orders of this large class, five in 

 number, are founded on the cir- 

 cumstance of the florets of the 

 capitule being hermaphrodite and 

 unisexual, variously combined in 

 the disk and ray. The anthers are 

 united into a tube, and the flowers 

 are compound. The following are 

 the five orders composing the class 

 Syngenesia; they are determined 

 by the arrangement of their flowers, 

 and by the sex of their florets. 



1 . Polygamia aequalis, where each 

 floret is perfect, being furnished 

 with stamens and pistils, and capa- 

 ble of bringing its seed to maturity : 

 the leontodon taraxacum, or dan- 

 delion, is a familiar example. 2. 

 Polygama superflua. The florets 

 of the disk perfect, those of the 

 margin having pistils only: the 

 anthemis nobilis, or chamomile, is 



an example. 3. Polygamia frus- 

 tranea. Florets of the disk perfect 

 or united, those of the margin 

 neuter, or destitute of pistils as 

 well as of stamens. 4. Polygamia 

 necessaria. The florets of the disc 

 are male, of the ray female : the 

 garden marygold affords an illus- 

 tration. 5. Polygamia segregata. 

 Several florets, either simple or 

 compound, but with a proper calyx, 

 included within one common calyx : 

 the globe-thistle is an example. To 

 these five orders, some authors add 

 a sixth, namely, Monogamia, which 

 has the flowers separate, and not 

 crowded in heads. 



SYNO'VIA. (from avv, with, like, and 

 wov, an egg, Gr. synovie, Fr.) A 

 glairy lubricating fluid contained 

 within the capsular ligament of 

 joints, serving the purpose of pre- 

 venting friction, and resembling the 

 white of an egg, whence its name. 



SYNTHESIS, (avvdeai-s, Gr. from aw- 

 7101} pi, to join together; synthese, 

 Fr.) The act of joining; opposed 

 to analysis. Water is proved to 

 consist of oxygen and hydrogen by 

 analysis, that is, by decomposing 

 water and ascertaining its consti- 

 tuents; it may however be proved 

 to consist of oxygen and hydrogen 

 by synthesis, that is, by uniting the 

 relative proportions of oxygen and 

 hydrogen. 



SYRINGODE'NDEON. The name given 

 by Count Sternberg to many species 

 of sigillaria, from the parallel pipe- 

 shaped flutings that extend from 

 the top to the bottom of their 

 trunks. These trunks are without 

 joints, and many of them attain 

 the size of forest trees. 



SYSTE'MIC CLRCULA'TION. The circu- 

 lation of the blood through the 

 body generally, as distinguished 

 from that other circulation which 

 is confined to the respiratory organs 

 and the heart, or the respiratory 

 circulation. 



SY'STOLE. (<<7ToXr}, Gr. contraction, 



