ILLUSTRATIONS AND ADDITIONS. 



(1) p. 191.^" Characteristic denominations in Arabic and 

 Persian" 



More than twenty words might be cited by which the 

 Arabs distinguish between a Steppe (tanufah), according as 

 it may be a Desert without water, entirely bare, or covered 

 with siliceous sand, and interspersed with spots of pasture 

 land (Sahara, Kafr, Mikfar, Tih, Mehme). Sahl is a depressed 

 plain ; Dakkah a desolate elevated plateau. In Persian Beya- 

 ban is an arid sandy waste (as the Mongolian Gobi and the 

 Chinese Han-hai and Scha-mo) ; Yaila is a Steppe covered 

 with grass rather than with low-growing plants (like the 

 Mongolian Kiidah, the Turkish Tala or Tschol, and the Chi- 

 nese Huang). Deschti-reft is a naked elevated plateau.* 



(2) p. 191." The old Castilian dialects." 



Pico, picacho, mogote, cucurucho, espigon, loma tendida., 

 mesaj panecillo, farallon, tablon, pefia, penon, penasco, peno- 

 leria, roca partida, laxa, cerro, sierra, serrania, cordillera, 

 nionte, montafia, montafiuela, cadena de montes, los altos, 

 malpais, reventazon, bufa, &c. 



(3) p. 194. " Where the map had indicated Montes de 

 Cacao." 



On the range of hills from which the lofty Andes de 

 Cuchao have originated, see my Relation historique, t. iii. 

 p. 238. 



(4) p. 197." Hermesia." 



The genus Hermesia, the Sauso, has been described by 

 Bonpland, and is delineated in our Plantes equinoxiales, t. i. 

 p. 162, tab. xlvi. 



(5) p. 199." The fresh-water dolphin." 



These are not sea dolphins, which, like some species of 

 Pleuronectes (flat fish which invariably have both eyes on one 

 side of the body), ascend the rivers to a great distance, as, 

 * Humboldt, Relation historique, t. ii. p. 158. 



