30 Vineyard Culture. 



ground, is little suited to the development of the vine, 

 the absorbing organs of which at once penetrate to 

 a greater depth, where, consequently, they need to 

 find the nutritious elements of soils reversed by the 

 plow. 



*yiultivated Lands accessible to the Plow. If the vine- 

 yard is to be laid out on cultivated lands, it will be well 

 to sow it with a last crop of clover and sainfoin,* for 

 the deep roots of these plants loosen the soil and im- 

 prove it by their decay. If the breaking up is to be 

 eighteen inches deep, two plows must be used in the 

 same furrow ; the first, an ordinary plow, which will 

 penetrate about six inches deep ; the secon-d, of strong 

 make, must be so constructed as to cut to a depth of 

 twelve inches from the bottom of the furrow, and to 

 carry this earth over that turned up by the first plow. 



[Fio. 3.] 



Bonnet's plow [Figures 3 and 4] performs this op- 

 eration admirably, but it requires a team of six horses 

 or oxen to reach this result. Thus plowed, the land 

 must be left idle until the time for planting. The 

 same mode of breaking up the ground to the depth of 

 twelve inches is used, with this difference only, that 



*Hedysarum onobrichis. 



