70 Vineyard Culture. 



culture, a beautiful booklet, which has just been issued from 

 the press of Orange Judd & Co., New York. 



The point aimed at is the application of heat to the lower 

 portion of the cuttings, to encourage the formation of the 

 callus, whence the roots are to issue, while the buds that are 

 to form the vine are kept cool and dormant, until the condi- 

 tions are changed, at planting time, by reversing the cuttings. 

 At this time young roots will have made their appearance. 

 The reader is referred to the article. See "Annual" and 

 Gardeners' Monthly. 



It is a very common plan to bury the cuttings as fast as 

 they are made and tied up. They are generally set, butts 

 down, in the trench opened for the purpose ; fine earth is 

 shaken over them, and filled in between the bundles, and the 

 whole is covered from the weather. The bundles are often 

 laid upon their sides, to avoid digging the trenches so deep. 

 Those that go into the market, and these have amounted to 

 millions, some years, are usually stowed in cellars, to keep 

 them from the drying winds, but not covered with soil. 

 They therefore sometimes become quite dry, and when received 

 at the end of their journey, they should be plunged into water, 

 for a short time, before being buried in the fresh soil, which 

 is a necessary preparation for the planting. 



There is a very common prejudice in favor of what are 

 called heel-cuttings, or those that have a portion of the two- 

 year old wood at their base, like those called by our author 

 " crossettes," but we trim the old wood much shorter than 

 he represents in the cut : these are also called " martelles," 

 or hammer-cuttings, from the shape of the old wood. It is 

 thought they root more freely, which is very probable because 

 of the great number of eyes always clustered about the 

 base of the annual shoot. Many of the varieties in culti- 

 vation strike so readily from cuttings, that any piece will grow 

 as welj as the lower portion ; wood that is rather slender and 



