78 Vineyard Culture. 



joint of wood, having the eye at the upper portion, and the 

 lower end cut somewhat slanting, so as to remove the bark 

 and a portion of the wood, and thus to encourage the formation 

 of a larger callus, from which the roots are emitted. Beau- 

 tiful and very well rooted plants, from such cuttings, were 

 exhibited at the meeting of the Lake Shore Society, at Cleve- 

 land, O. 



Single Eyes. The plan almost universally employed by 

 those who now devote themselves to the multiplication of the 

 vine, is to use but a single eye or bud, depending upon arti- 

 ficial means for regulating the temperature, and other attend- 

 ant circumstances, so as to make these as favorable as possible 

 for the development of roots. For this purpose, bottom heat 

 is used, and this is usually produced by a flow of heated 

 water beneath the sand-bed in which the eyes are started. 

 The idea is to induce the roots to grow in the warm, moist 

 sand, while the cooler air above does not encourage the de- 

 velopment of the buds, nor the expansion of the leaves, until 

 after the formation of the roots. When the little plants are 

 fairly under way, they are potted off into good soil, and put 

 through a process of hardening, preparatory to setting them 

 out in the nursery ; or they are pushed, and, from time to 

 time, shifted into larger pots, so as to produce the greatest 

 amount of growth, by keeping the plants in the most favor- 

 able circumstances for their development. These will push 

 out laterals, that are often removed, and used for the propa- 

 gation of plants during the summer. Such are called soft- 

 wood cuttings. Many plants are produced by setting the eyes 

 in boxes, in which they are allowed to remain during the 

 whole period of growth, and these are generally kept under 

 shelter of the glass all summer, or they are hardened off, and 

 exposed toward its close. 



Most of the vines grow from single eyes, by starting them 

 thus with bottom heat, and pointing them off, are set out in 



