Planting of a Vineyard. 93 



in rows. Cultivation frequently bruises the under- 

 ground stems resulting from this mode of propagating. 

 The transportation and distribution of the manure, and 

 the getting out of the trimmings, and of the crop, are 

 also much more expensive than in vineyards planted in 

 rows. In irregularly planted vineyards, the soil is not 

 so well warmed by the sun, the air circulates less freely, 

 and the plants shade one another more than in regularly 

 laid out lines. 



2d. Planting in Close Rows. By this method, the vine- 

 yard planted in rows preserves its shape, whatever may 

 be its age. These rows, being pretty close to one 

 another, occupy the entire extent of the ground in a 

 regular manner. We have just pointed out the advan- 

 tages of these rows over the irregular planting. Thus, 

 all the labor of keeping the vineyard is less expensive, 

 even, than harvesting. The plants have more light, 

 more air, and the soil is better warmed by the sun. 

 Let us add, that for the same extent of ground, and the 

 same number of plants, these last will be less crowded, 

 when in rows, than when irregularly laid out. Lastly, 

 and not least, planting in rows allows the use of wires, 

 instead of stakes, thereby reducing, very materially, the 

 expense of keeping up a vineyard. For this reason, we 

 decidedly prefer that method. 



3d. Planting in Isolated Rows. In certain vine re- 

 gions the vines are planted in isolated rows, separated 

 by spaces, varying from twenty to one hundred feet 

 apart, according to the localities those spaces being de- 

 voted to other agricultural purposes. In the Bordelais, 

 these isolated rows are called "Joualles." It is hoped, 

 by that means, to draw from the soil as much produce 



