Planting of a Vineyard. 109 



placed to drive the instrument into the ground, or to 

 stop it at the required depth. Provided with this in- 

 strument, or any other like it, the workman drives it 

 into the ground at each spot to be occupied by a plant, 

 and to the required depth. As to the size of these 

 holes, the poorer the soil the larger they must be. 



Another workman, following the first, introduces into 

 each hole a cutting, prepared in the manner described 

 under the head of "Propagation." 



Whatever may be the natural richness of the soil to 

 be planted, it is always well to supply the cuttings or 

 plants with a certain quantity of manure, when about to 

 be planted permanently, in order to start them. This 

 quantity may vary, according to the poverty or richness 

 of the soil, from one to three quarts. For cuttings, 

 the manure to be introduced into the hole made by the 

 dibble ought to be composed of pulverizable and easily 

 decomposed matter, such as old compost, horse-dung, 

 poudrette, natural guano, ground oil-cakes, etc. These 

 various substances must be mixed with a certain quan- 

 tity of earth, and wood-ashes. 



This manure being prepared, and distributed at dif- 

 ferent places along the roads where the rows terminate, 

 a third workman follows and fills the holes with the 

 manure which he carries, keeping each cutting in the 

 center of the hole. By means of a sort of rammer, 

 like the one represented by Figure 20, a fourth work- 

 man rams the manure well down. It is very important 

 for the cutting to be in close contact with the soil, so 

 that it may absorb its moisture. If there should still 

 be an empty space, after this ramming, the same work- 

 man must fill it with the surrounding earth. 



