IIO Vineyard Culture. 



When the pulverizable manure of which we have 

 just spoken can not be procured, liquid manures must be 

 snbstituted, and poured into each hole after it has been 

 filled with rich soil, but not rammed. These liquids 

 (one quart to each cutting) may be composed of manure- 

 water, excrements diluted with water, or of any or- 

 ganic matter that is rich in nitrogen, and easily dissolved 

 in water. 



Planting cuttings by means of the dibble, is, however, 

 objectionable in clayey soils. The earth, solidly pressed 

 by the dibble, at the sides of the holes, becomes an ob- 

 stacle to the spreading of the young roots. In such a 

 case it will be better to adopt the mode of planting out 

 roots. 



[I do not think the dibble is used in planting cuttings in any 

 part of this country, and, indeed, it is to be hoped that it may 

 not be, as it is an unphilosophical implement for the purpose. 

 Nor would it be at all suitable in any of our so-called grape- 

 lands, which are generally of stiff clay.] 



In dry and warm soils, where cuttings do not succeed 

 well, rooted plants are used in the following manner : 



The manures required for the planting must first be 

 distributed, here and there, along the roads bordering 

 the rows of vineyards to be planted. 



These manures must be composed, as much as pos- 

 sible, of equal parts of earth and dung. If the soil to 

 be planted is clayey, then silicious, and especially cal- 

 careous earth must be used; but clayey soils must be 

 employed, if the land to be planted is silicious or cal- 

 careous. The mixture must be made some months in 

 advance, by placing the layers of earth and dung in 



