132 Vineyard Culture. 



George, of P Ermitage, of Condrieux, of St. Peray, 

 etc., it will be profitable to substitute the form which 

 we shall describe further on, under the name of " Four- 

 armed Trellis." The fruit, being more exposed to the 

 sun, will be of better quality, and the tillage of the soil 

 will, at all times, be more easy. In the marshy dis- 

 tricts of Bordelais, and on the hills on the right bank 

 of the Garonne, from Bordeaux to Blaye, where the 

 vine grows rapidly, a similar shape is given to the vines, 

 the stock, nevertheless, being a trifle higher and the 

 arms a liule longer, the shoots springing out at thirty 

 or thirty-two inches above the ground. Lastly, and es- 

 pecially, these stocks are each supported by two or 

 three stakes, as shown in Figure 31, illustrating one of 

 these stalks before pruning. The much greater value 

 of the product of these vineyards will compensate for 

 the staking and the extra cultivation given to them. 

 Nevertheless, the following objections may be made to 

 this mode of planting : the bunches, being wrapped up 

 in the shoots fastened to the stakes, do not receive the 

 influence of the sun sufficiently ; the space occupied by 

 each stock is unfavorable to the use of the plow where 

 the form of the ground would otherwise permit its use. 

 Last, and not least, is the extra cost and care of the 

 grape-stakes, which it involves. 



We therefore recommend the substitution of the 

 shape represented in Figure 32, which is a full-grown 

 stock before pruning. 



By this arrangement, the fruit-stems feel the action 

 of the sun on all sides, and the following year's shoots 

 are better formed. Another advantage is that the frame 



