Manures and Chemical Applications. 233 



Let us inquire what are the manures which best ful- 

 fill these conditions, respectively. 



I. HIGHLY NITROGENOUS MANURES. Well Pre- 

 pared Farm-yard Manure. This manure is certainly 

 one of the best, for it introduces into the soil not only 

 nitrogen, but also a considerable quantity of saline sub- 

 stances, necessary to the development and fructification 

 of the vine. But this manure has the disadvantage of 

 being too powerful, and of introducing into the must 

 too large a quantity of mucilage and free acids, which 

 are prejudicial to the quality of wines of celebrated 

 vintages. Another objection made to it is, that its ef- 

 fect is not sufficiently sustained. And yet, if we except 

 some celebrated vineyards of Burgundy, it is the ma- 

 nure most in use, wherever it can be procured. But 

 this is often a matter of great difficulty ; for the vine- 

 yard produces very little fodder for cattle. It would be 

 well, if a sufficient extent of natural meadows, or else 

 artificial ones, of long duration, could be connected 

 with the vineyard. It is thus that this culture is carried 

 on over a considerable part of Beaujolais. There, an 

 extent of natural meadow nearly equal to that of the 

 vineyard, is set apart for the production of manure. 



The product of these meadows is consumed by cows. 

 The manure yielded by these, their labor and milk, suf- 

 fice to pay for their food, and the straw bought for lit- 

 ter. In the vineyards of Medoc, draught animals, 

 which perform the work in the vineyard, also yield the 

 manure, but, almost everywhere, the forage given them 

 is bought. The waste lands, adjoining these vineyards, 

 furnish the litter. 



Night -Soil) Garbage^ etc. These substances, even 

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