250 Vineyard Culture. 



following winter, the most vigorous and lowest one is 

 reserved. The stock is then covered over, so as to 

 bury the base of the shoot which serves as a starting- 

 point for the new plant. This latter mode of cutting- 

 down, having the effect of causing the new stem to 

 spring directly from the ground, is, in our opinion, pref- 

 erable to the first. In any case, it will be advisable, at 

 the time of this cutting-down, to give the ground a good 

 plowing and copious manuring, so that the roots result- 

 ing from these renewals of the stems, may find the 

 nourishing elements necessary for a vigorous develop- 

 ment. 



As to the value of this cutting-down operation, espe- 

 cially the last method, it is certainly to be preferred to 

 provinage and layering, but it will be readily understood 

 that it will only succeed when the plants have not 

 reached the last stage of exhaustion. 



PLANTING. Of all the methods for the care and 

 renewal of the vine, planting is certainly the easiest and 

 most effective when the plant is in 'such a languishing 

 state that the success of its removal becomes doubtful. 

 In this manner plants are obtained whose roots are 

 better distributed in the soil, and they strike deeper. 

 For this reason, they are more hardy, and live longer. 

 All the objections to provinage are also avoided. But 

 this planting must be done with all the care recom- 

 mended in our remarks on the establishment of vine- 

 yards. The renewal of the plants is executed here' 

 and there over the whole extent of surface, and it is 

 necessary to use two-year old plants. 



[It is found, in practice, that replanting an old vineyard 

 with young vines, does not succeed nearly so well as replacing 



