Klipparfs Land Drainage. 



crops, however, soon convince even the least observant of the 

 profit of burying money in this way. No doubt much money 

 may be and has been expended fruitlessly in ill applied drain- 

 age. The subject must be understood, both in theory and 

 application, before any of the great practical results which 

 have been attained, can be secured by every one who under- 

 takes the drainage of his farm. The purpose of this work is 

 to supply that information, in a plain, practical way, easily 

 understood by any intelligent farmer. It tells him the prop- 

 erties of his soil, and how it is affected by drainage; what 

 kind of land needs drainage, when and why it will pay. 

 Some of the advantages of underdraining are summed up and 

 thoroughly explained under the following heads: 



1. It removes stagnant waters from the surface. 



2. It removes surplus waters from under the surface. 



3. It lengthens the working season. 

 4.. It deepens the soil. 



5. It warms the undersoil. 



6. It equalizes the temperature of the soil during the sea- 

 son of growth. 



7. It carries down soluble substances to the roots of the 

 plants. 



8. It prevents " freezing oat," "heaving out," or "win- 

 ter killing." 



9. It prevents injury from drouth. 



10. It improves the quantity and quality of crop; it in- 

 creases the effect of manures. 



11. It prevents rust in wheat and rot in potatoes. 

 These advantages are not suppositions, but are proved by 



the actual experience of intelligent men, which is given in 

 detail. 



In the second part of the book are given practical direc- 

 tions for the location, cutting, and laying of the various kinds 

 of drains, according to the position and quality of the land; 



