178 A Walk from 



of what that science and economy are achieving in this 

 country, I will dwell upon a few other facts connected 

 with this establishment. The whole space of 3,000 acres 

 is literally under cultivation, or in a sense which we 

 in New England do not generally give to that term 

 that is, there is not, I believe, a single acre of per- 

 manent meadow in the whole territory. All the vast 

 amount of hay consumed, and all the pasture grasses 

 have virtually to be grown like grain. There is so 

 much ploughing and sowing involved in the production 

 of these grass crops, that they are called " seeds." Thus, 

 by this four-course system, every field passes almost 

 annually under a different cropping, and is mowed two 

 or three times in ten years. This fact, in itself, will 

 not only suggest the immense amount of labor applied, 

 but also the quality and condition of 3,000 acres of 

 land that can be surfaced to the scythe in this manner. 

 The seeds or grasses sown by Mr. Jonas for pasturage 

 and hay are chiefly white and red clover and trefoil. 

 His rule of seeding is the following : 



Wheat, from 8 to 10 pecks per acre. 



Barley 12 to 14 



Oats 18 to 22 



Winter Beans, 8 



Ked Clover, 20 Ibs. 



White Clover, 16 Ibs. 



Trefoil, 30 to 35 Ibs. 



This, in New England, would be called very heavy 



