London to John O 1 Groat's. 179 



seeding, especially in regard to oats and the grasses. 



1 believe that 12 pecks of oats to the acre rather exceed 

 our average rule. Good clover seed should weigh 2 Ihs. 

 to the quart, and 8 quarts, or 16 Ibs., are the usual 

 seeding with us. 



As labor of horse and man must be economised to 

 the best advantage on such an estate, it may be inte- 

 resting to know the expense of the principal operations. 

 The cost of ploughing averages 7s. 6d. or $1. 80c. per 

 acre. For roots the land is ploughed three or four 

 times, besides harrowing, drilling, and rolling. The 

 hoeing of wheat and roots varies from 2s. to 5s., or 

 from 48 cents to $1. 20c. per acre. 



The sheep are all folded on turnips or grass fields, 

 except the breeding ewes in the lambing season. The 

 enclosures are made of hurdles, of which all reading 

 Americans have read, but not one in a thousand ever 

 has seen. They are a kind of diminutive, portable post- 

 and-rail fence, of the New England pattern, made up 

 in permanent lengths, so light that a stout man might 

 carry two or three of them on his shoulders at once. 

 The two posts are sawed or split pieces of wood, about 



2 inches thick, 3 wide, and from 5 to 6 feet in length. 

 They are generally square-morticed for the rails, which 

 are frequently what we should call split hoop-poles, 

 but in the best kind are slats of hard wood, about two 



N2 



