THE CEMETERIES OF THE BAD LANDS. 165 



Tertiary stretches along the Atlantic coast also, from Montauk 

 Point to the southern part of Florida from Charleston south- 

 ward, however, overlaid next the shore by a narrow belt of 

 alluvial or recent deposits. There are few remains of land 

 animals in the marine Tertiary ; but shells and corals are 

 plentiful. A majority of them belong to the same species as 

 are now living in the nearest parts of the Atlantic. Near 

 Charleston, however, have been found the remains of a horse 

 more resembling the domestic horse than those in the Bad 

 Lands. Indeed, the Carolina horse was extremely like the 

 species long afterward brought to America from Europe. As 

 this species is not known in the Neocene of Europe, the indi- 

 cations are that it lived in America before it did in Europe. 

 That is, the late Tertiary horse originated in America ; after- 

 ward found its way to Europe and Asia, and finally was 

 brought back to the new world by immigrants in the sixteenth 

 century. Almost the same story has to be told of the camel. 

 But there are older Tertiary deposits called Eocene, which 

 means the " dawn of the recent," because the marine shells 

 found in them contain a few recent species, and only a few, 

 while the shells of all older formations are specifically distinct 

 from any now living. The Eocene strata are seen passing 

 under the Neocene all along the Atlantic and Gulf border, 

 and up the delta of the Mississippi. When these strata were 

 deposited, the Atlantic and gulf extended to the inland limit 

 of the Eocene. The valley of the Mississippi as far. as Cairo 

 was under the Gulf a bay setting northward to Cairo from 

 about the latitude of Montgomery, Alabama. In this sea 

 sported the great Zeuglodon a vertebrate of whale-like nature, 

 but serpent-like form, which on the first discovery of its re- 

 mains, was supposed to be a real sea-serpent. Its length was 

 sixty to eighty feet. A skeleton dug up in Clarke County, 

 Alabama, by Dr. Koch, was named Hydrarchos king of the 

 hydras and was formerly exhibited in Barnum's Museum, 

 New York afterward sent to London, where Professor 

 Richard Owen determined its true nature. Another specimen 

 was on exhibition some years ago, in Wood's Museum, Chi- 



