MAMMALIAN RULE. 257 



different as it was nevertheless. The Dinoc'eras had for rela- 

 tives U-in-ta-the'rium (Beast of the Uintas) and Ti-noc'e-ras 

 (Avenging-horn). This must have been the ruling family of 

 beasts* during the Eocene, or earlier Tertiary. Only a few 

 mammals related to the fox, wolf, cat, bat, and squirrel had 

 yet appeared on the scene. There was a marked tendency 

 toward the tapir-type, the rhinoceros type, and the horse type. 

 Some even -toed Ungulates came at last Par-a-me' -ryx (Rumi- 

 nant-like) which had relations to camels and stags and were 

 really the precursors of the true Ruminants (Cud-chewers). 



In the Miocene or Middle Tertiary, the tapir, rhinoceros, 

 and horse tendencies continued. The Ruminant tendency 

 also continued. But there was developed, also, a tendency 

 to the hog and the sheep. In fact, the hog and sheep were 

 somewhat united in O-re'-o-don (Mixed-toothed), for which 

 reason Leidy style it " a ruminating hog." Men'-o-dus (strong- 

 tooth) was intermediate between Dinoc'eras and Tapir. 

 It was large as an elephant. Bron-to-the'-ri-um (Thunder- 

 beast) was of similar bulk, and had a pair of horns. 

 Now came, also, the increase of Carnivores. Ma-chcer-o-dus 

 (Saber-tooth) -was as large as a lion, with fearful, tearing 

 canines. Hy-cen'-o-don (Hysena-tooth) was as big as a black 

 bear. Insectivores existed, and now appeared the earliest of 

 the beavers. 



In the Pliocene or late Tertiary, we witness a marked ap- 

 proximation to modern genera. Now the equine type had 

 become almost a horse. Here were camels, rhinoceroses, 

 tapirs. Here the first elephants came upon the scene, though 

 elephantine characters had been in the world through the 

 whole Tertiary. Mastodons were perhaps earlier. The lowest 

 monkeys (Lemurs) had existed from the Eocene; and proper 

 tailed monkeys from the Miocene. But in all this teeming 

 procession of mammals we notice no sign of man save only 

 the prophecy of man. 



22 



