328 



INDEX. 



Quaternary, mammals, 164 teq.; 

 events in West, 269. 



Rain, where does it go ? 30. 



Ramsay on lake-basins, 279. 



Recession, of Niagara Falls, 291; 

 Falls of St. Anthony, 292. 



Reigns of extinct types, 72. 



Relics of man, in river drift, 283; in 

 lakes, 283 ; on shores, 283 ; in bogs, 

 283. 



Relief in mountain features, 54. 



Reptile monarchy, 246. 



Reptiles of Cretaceous time, 172; of 

 Mesozoic, 246 seq. ; diversification 

 of type of, 250; a comprehensive 

 type, 260. 



Resolution of comprehensive types, 

 259. 



Retrospection in organic types, 258. 



Rhynchodus, 237. 



River drifts, 283. 



River terraces, 44. 



Rocking stones, 16. 



Rocks, kinds of, 35; how distin- 

 guished, 36. 



Rocky Mountains lowered, 53 ; form- 

 ing, 267. 



Rotation of earth retarded, 118. 



Rotten limestone of Ala., 170. 



Salt, geology of, 130; in sundry re- 

 gions, 132; impurities of, 133. 



Sandstone, 40; red, of Connecticut 

 valley, 249. 



Satellites, origin of, 218. 



Saurians, 248 seq. 



Schist, mica, 39 ; hornblende, 40. 



Seaboard Land, 233, 243, 264. 



Seaweeds, fossil, 187. 



Sedimentation, 45; in ocean, 226, 228 ; 

 restricted to continental slopes, 228. 



Sediments, assortment of , 46 ; filling 

 ponds, 47; in river waters, 48; 

 thinner under deep waters, 229 ; 

 transportation of, 50; on ocean 

 bottom, 57, 58. 



Segregations of ore, 128. 



Seracs, 25. 



Shale, 40. 



Sharks, 236. 



Sherman, General, on "Old Faith- 

 ful,'' 82. 



Shrinking of earth, 107. See "Con- 

 traction.'' 



Siberian mammoth, 158. 



Siderite, 129. 



Sierra Nevada uplifted, 268. 



Sigillaria, 174, 178, 241, 244, 245, 247. 



Silurian 72; rocks, 185; fossils, 187 

 seq. 



Sinter, silicious, 81. 



Skaptar Jokul, eruption of, 90. 



Smith, J. L., on gas wells, 145. 



Soluble substances in Drift, 34. 



Somma, on Vesuvius, 86, 91. 



South American quadrupeds, 160; 

 continent, 265. 



Spinal axis in man, 303. 



Spirifera, 182. 



Springs and wells, 31, 32; in Na- 

 tional Park, 81 seq. 



St. Anthony, Falls of, 292, 293. 



Stigmnria, 174. 



St. Peters Sandstone, 196. 



Storm, primeval, 222. 



Strains from shrinkage, 107, 242, 250. 



Strata, and classification, 62; exam- 

 ples of, 63, 64; formed by water, 

 64; not in deep sea, 65; oldest not 

 yet seen, 75 ; arrangement of, 75, 

 often in long folds, 78 ; situation 

 of newest, 79. 



Stratified and unstratified, 39, 62. 



Streams, sources of, 32. 



Structure, geological explained, 75, 

 76,77. 



Submergence of Quaternary, 275. 



Subterranean waters, 30. 



Succession of organic forms, 298. 



Sugar Loaf, Mackinac, 42. 



Sun, a remnant of fire-mist, 218. 



Sun's heat in the soil, 97. 



Sutro tunnel, 122. 



Swamps, origin of, 48. 



Swarms, meteoroidal, 213. 



Syenite, 39 ; formation of, 231. 



Symmetry, two kinds of, 193. 



Synclinal explained, 76. 



Systems of strata, 72, 73. 



Table Mountains 95. 

 Table of geological history, 73. 

 Terminal moraines of continental 



glaciers, 273 seq. 

 Terraces of lakes, 41 ; of rivers, 44, 278. 

 Tertiary mammals, 167. 

 Thickness of formations, 289. 

 Tides in primitive history of earth, 219 



seq, 232 ; in reptilian age, 249. 



