122 MAGNOLIA WARBLER 



of the tail near the center, instead of at the end of the feather. The black 

 bases of the tail feathers are concealed by the crissum and, seen from below, 

 the tail appears to be white broadly tipped with black. In young birds the 

 white is much decreased in extent but its position in the tail, together with 

 the yellow rump, is diagnostic. Length (skin), 4.50; wing, 2.30; tail, 1.95; 

 bill, .35- 



Adult o", Spring. Crown and nape bluish gray, a white line behind the 

 eye and a white mark on the lower part of eye-ring; frontlet, cheeks and 

 back black, the latter sometimes with olive and becoming greenish towards the 

 yellow rump; upper tail-coverts black; tail black, all but the central part of 

 feathers with a white patch on the inner half of the web about half-way to the 

 tip; wings blackish edged with gray, the median and greater coverts broadly 

 marked with white forming a conspicuous white wing-patch ; below yellow 

 becoming white on the crissum, the throat unmarked, a black band on the 

 upper breast from which run rows of heavy black streaks on the sides. 



Adult c?, Fall. Quite unlike adult c? in Spring; crown and nape brownish 

 gray; eye-ring whitish; back olive-green more or less indistinctly streaked 

 with black; rump yellow; tail as in Spring; wing-coverts tipped with white 

 forming two white bars ; below yellow, sides with partly concealed black streaks, 

 upper breast with a faint dusky band. 



Young c?, Fall. Similar to adult c? in Fall and not always distinguishable 

 from it, but black streaks of back and sides averaging lighter. 



Adult ?, Spring. Similar to adult d" in Spring but crown not so bluish 

 gray or cheeks so pronouncedly black ; back olive-green spotted with black ; yel- 

 low of rump paler; upper tail-coverts broadly tipped with gray; wing-coverts 

 with less white, at times merely tipped not margined ; black streaks below lighter, 

 less apt to form a band on the upper breast. 



Adult $, Fall. Crown browner than that of adult ? in Spring, a whitish 

 eye-ring but no white stripe behind eye ; cheeks much like crown ; back brown- 

 ish olive-green with a few partly concealed black streaks posteriorly; white on 

 wing-coverts less pronounced and with a brownish tinge; sides with a few 

 partly concealed black streaks; the dusky band on upper breast well developed. 

 In this plumage resembling young c? in Fall but wing-coverts browner and with 

 less white. 



Young ?, Fall. Resembling adult ? in Fall but the crown and back browner, 

 the black streaks above usually wanting, the rump less clearly yellow, the 

 streaks on the sides finer, less prominent. 



Nestling. Above brown, sometimes ruddy in tone, indistinctly streaked 

 with black ; breast dusky brown ; belly whitish streaked with blackish ; wing- 

 coverts tipped with buffy. 



General Distribution. Eastern North America; north to New- 

 foundland and the Mackenzie; west to the Plains. 



Summer Range. The higher parts of Massachusetts (Berk- 

 shire Co.), northern New York (Oneida Co.), northern Michigan, 

 northern Minnesota and southern Assiniboia northward. It also breeds 

 not uncommonly in the higher portions of the Alleghenies of eastern 

 Pennsylvania and on the highest mountains of western Maryland. It is 



