226 LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH 



Conn., May 2O-July 10 (Bishop) ; Cambridge, Mass., full sets, first lay- 

 ing, May 25-June 5 (Brewster) ; Lancaster, N. H., June 2-June 5 

 (Spaulding) ; Bangor, Me., May 3O-June 9 (Knight) ; Listovvel, Ont., 

 May 24-June 26 (Kelts) ; Kalamazoo Co., Mich., May 27, Gibbs (Bar- 

 rows) ; Oberlin, O., May lo-june 15 (Jones). 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES 



(i) M. GIBBS, Song of the Golden-crowned Thrush, Orn. and O61., X, 

 1885, 191. (2) J. P. N. [ORRIS], A Series of Eggs of the Oven-bird, Orn. and 

 O61., XVII, 1892, 65. (3) C. T. BUTTERS, The Oven-bird [in Mass.], Nidologist, 

 III, 1896, 131. (4) W. L. KELLS, The Oven-bird, Ottawa Naturalist, XV, 1002, 

 232. 



LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH 



SEIURUS MOTACILLA (Vieill.) Plate XVII 



Distinguishing Characters. The only Warbler with which this species is 

 likely to be confused is Seiurus n. noveboracensis and its western form nota- 

 bilis. It differs from the former as noted under that species, from the latter 

 it may be known by its unspotted throat and buffy flanks. Length (skin), 5.60; 

 wing, 3.25; tail, 2.10; bill, .55. 



Adult <$, Spring. Upperparts olive or olive-brown, the crown averaging 

 darker the upper tail-coverts browner; wings and tail slightly browner than 

 back and without white markings, the outer tail-feathers, however, are some- 

 times narrowly tipped with whitish ; a conspicuous white line from bill over 

 eye to nape; lower eye-lid white; below white, the flanks and crissum, and 

 sometimes sides of breast, more or less strongly buff; dusky lines at sides of 

 throat ; throat usually unmarked, sometimes with a few inconspicuous olive 

 tips to feathers; breast and sides heavily streaked with the color of the back. 



Adult , Fall. Not distinguishable, as a rule, from adult <? in Spring but 

 with the buff of underparts averaging deeper. 



Young < Fall. Not distinguishable from adult c? in Fall. 



Adult and young $. Resemble c? in plumage. 



Nestling. Above sooty olive-brown, a white superciliary stripe, conspicu- 

 ous behind, faint before, the eye; breast and sides streaked with blackish, sides 

 and crissum washed with buff; wings and tail as in adult but wing-coverts 

 tipped with rusty. 



General Distribution. Eastern United States; north to New 

 England and Minnesota ; west to the Plains. 



Summer Range. The Louisiana Water-Thrush breeds through- 

 out its range in the United States, which extends north to Massachu- 

 setts (Sheffield, June n, 1896; Springfield, July 28, 1895; Mount Tom, 

 April 28, 1869; Leveritt, May 18, 1871; Amherst, July 12, 1886). 

 New York (Lake George, May 8, 1877, and May 16, 1881), Ontario 

 (Toronto, London, Guelph), Michigan (Detroit), Wisconsin (Del- 

 avan, May 18, 1900; Milwaukee County, April 25, 1897, Lake Kosh- 

 konong), and Minnesota (Red Wing). 



