1 886. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



2>7 



Growing Red Raspberries. 



We are more and more satisfied tliat tlie best 

 way to grow these, for large irops and such 

 large beri'ies that the piokers will gl.idly pick 

 them at same price paid for picking Eli;ck 

 Raspberries, is in hills or stools and not in mat- 

 ted rows, tilled up with sucker plants, large 

 and small. If projierly set they are more 

 easilj- grown in this way than in the old mat- 

 ted I'ow system, tor the reason that they can 

 be worked both ways with hoi'se and cultivator. 



From three to four stalks should be allowed 

 to grow in a hill and all suckers cut down like 

 weeds with hoe and cultivator, and it well cut 

 down when they tii'st make their appearance, 

 for two or three times, or say till June, they 

 grow but little after that. 



Plant ro%vs four to five feet apart and three 

 to fom- feet in the row, owing to kinds, such 

 dwarfish kinds as Hansel and Thwack nearer, 

 and Cuthbert, Herstine and Crimson Beauty 

 further apart. 



If stakes ai-e expensive and hard to get, the 

 tops of two hills in the row can be tied to- 

 gether after they have been thoroughly cleaned 

 out in the spring, but if stakes can be had they 

 had lietter be employed. 



and plant largely of those that the largest num- 

 ber agree upon. 

 " Shall we gi-ow low or high heads V' 

 For the rich soil, where they ai'e not to be 

 cultivated after the first three or four years, 

 low heads — but where cultivated, high heads. 



Will Apple Orcharding Pay? 



As well might one ask if it pays to grow any 

 kind of crops. There may be jears when in 

 some sections they will " hai-dly pay to feed to 

 hogs " (but even in this way they may be had 

 to pay well.) 



We know a party in Wayne Countj' that 

 bought a farm, running in debt S1,60U on the 

 same, 25 years ago. He had all he could do to 

 pay taxes and keep up interest and support and 

 educate his family for years. When he bought 

 the fai'm there was a young Apple orchard on 

 it. This required but little labor as compared 

 with growing other crops, and besides he ob- 

 tained fi'om the land crops of Potatoes and 

 Corn for years, putting back manure to make 

 up for the produce annually removed. Things 

 ran along in this way for years, when there 

 was a general scarcitj' of Apples, except in a few 

 favored localities, and his was one of these, 

 and that year he sold fi-uit enough from that 

 orchard to pay the mortgage of .?1,600. 



A gentleman told us a few days since that 

 from his orchard be sold last year over .$3(10 in 

 fruit, at only 7.") cents per barrel, and he added 

 ' ' that was more than I really made from all 

 my former crops." 



We feel quite certain that if Apple trees 

 could be set along the fences and by the road- 

 side much larger crops of much finer fruit 

 would be obtained than from the old plan of 

 setting closel3' in orchard form. If any one 

 doubts this, let them compare the crops as they 

 run that we gathered from the outside of the 

 orchard row and those inside. 



" Should Apple orchards be cultivated ?" is a 

 question often asked. 



In the East, where land has been run for years 

 and they are not liable to winter kill, we say 

 )'es — but in Western sections on rich virgin soil, 

 no — not after the second or third year, as they 

 get well to growing. After this, seed down, 

 except in places where soil is light and not rich. 



" When shall we trim ?" 



In sections where trees gi-ow rapidly and do 

 not fmit well we advise late winter or early 

 spring pruning, but elsewhere summer pruning. 



" Shall we enrich the soil ?" 



Yes, on poor land, or that that has been 

 cropped for years, but not on rich land until 

 after a few years of cropping. 



' ' Shall we plant other trees with the Apple 

 trees when set out ?" 



If land for that pui-pose is scarce short lived 

 trees like the Peach may be planted, but no 

 other kind. 



" ^Vhat varieties shall we plant ?" 



Look around you, and enquire of your ueigh- 

 boi-s. Take the opinion of a dozen or more 



Walks and Jottings About the 

 Fruit Farm. 



We ha\'^ just back-land ploughed for young 

 seedlings to be budded next season. Have left it 

 "in the furrow'' and scattered manure freely over 

 the surface. 



In orn orchard of Teach ti-ees there are vacancies 

 here and there. We are now digging out the earth 

 where these occur and will leaves holes open till 

 spring before planting the trees, to let frost act on 

 the same. 



One has no roEA until it is tried how much com- 

 post can he made by keeping two or three pigs and 

 throwing in to them, through the j-ear, all weeds, 

 vegetable tops, spoiled fruit, etc, etc. We have just 

 hauled out from one pen ao loads of the best com- 

 post we have ever handled. The droppings from 

 two horses were also tlu"own into the yard, with 

 refuse bedding and so on, and this has been worked 

 over so much by the pigs that it is in best of shape 

 to put right on the land. 



And here we would say that we heard a practical 

 fruit grower in Ulster Co. remark that he could 

 make compost enough from one pig to keep an acre 

 of Grapes well fertilized— that is. I>y throwing in to 

 the pig plenty of refuse stuff, leaves, we^ds, etc., 

 through the summer. 



This is the time to save work for the spring when 

 the teams are so driven with work. If groimd is 

 drj', run over it with cultivators and thus put back 

 weeds that start so early in the spring. 



AsPARAors seed may be sown right where the 

 bed is wanted now, and early in spring i-un over 

 the surface with hoe or cultivator to put back weeds 

 that start before Asparagus comes up. 



We have been filling up all vacancies of Rasp- 

 berries and Blackberries the past month, and haul- 

 ing leaves from the woods for bedding for hogs, 

 cows and horses. 



Now THAT we have got rid of publishing the 

 Recorder we propose to give our time more to out- 

 door duties, and through Popular Garden-ing will 

 give its readers the benefit of the same from month 

 to month. We hope every old subscriber of the 

 Recorder will renew for Popiti.ar Gardening, and 

 let us meet together in these " Walks and Jottings" 

 from month to month. 



Old Currant bushes can be made as good as new 

 by simply cutting away the old wood and Icr.ving a 

 bare stump and then digging the soil up thoiu i.^hly 

 down to the roots, and working in plenty oT ^vcll- 

 rotted manure or superphosphate, with a ; c :>d " and 

 ful of salt for each bush. 



An experiment in scattering phosphate on a few 

 old Strawberry rows and leaving some without ap- 

 plying showed much larger berries and a much 

 larger crop the first season. We put it on in the fall. 



MEAT FROM THE SHELL. 



A correspondent of the Rural Xew Yorker says: 

 "I save my Bartlett Pears so that they make fine 

 eating two months after those of my neighbors have 

 gone. I take a stout box and line it with paper; 

 almost any kind will answer. The bottom is cov- 

 ered an inch deep with wheat bran. The Peal's are 

 carefully picked, wrapped separately in thin paper 

 and packed deeply in the bran, until the bottom is 

 covered; then this layer is covered with bran to 

 the depth of an inch, and another layer of Pears is 

 placed in the same way. This is continued until 

 the box is full, when the cover is tacked on and the 

 box set away in a cool, dry place. The Pears re- 

 tain their fine flavor and color." 



Packing fruit in the infusorial earth which is so 

 abundant in certain sections of Canada, has been 

 found to preserve it better than almost any other 

 system. J. Fra.ser Torrence of Jlontreal. Canada, 

 has patented a case in which fruits may be packed 

 with this earth and be transi>orted any distance, it 

 is claimed, without damage. Secretary Gibb of the 

 Canada Fruit Growers' Association says the finest 

 manilla paper and the infusorial earth are the only 

 two substances in which fruit can be packed with- 

 out injurj' to the flavor. We believe there are ex- 

 tensive deposits of infusorial earth in Virginia and 

 some of the other Southern States, and suggest that 

 trials be made to see if it has the preservative feat- 



ure that is claimed for the Canadian product. If 

 so, and the Virginia infusorial earth can be sold 

 at a low price, it may become a positive boon to 

 fruit growers who are within reasonable freight 

 distance of it. 



A writer in the Indiana Farmer says: A cheap 

 but effectual device for protecting young fruit trees 

 from bark bursting by exposure to the sun is 

 adopted by a fruit grower living a few miles east of 

 the city. He plants a short, row of Sugar Corn on 

 the south side of each tree. The Corn, with its wide 

 leaves and suckers, securely protects the trees from 

 the hot rays of the sun in July and August, when 

 the damage is usually ilone. 



The Farm Journal .says: Old Peter Tumbledown 

 is quite a fruit grower and had a good croi) of .\pples 

 this year. But he hadn't time to market them, nor 

 to i)ick up the fallen ones for his horses and hogs. 

 So he will have a good crop of worms next year. 

 He bought a cider mill to utilize the wind-falls, hut 

 only worked it one day, making enough cider to keep 

 himself going through the winter. He bought the 

 mill with a promissory note. 



The Journal of Agriculture says: Some one rec- 

 ommends this simple remedy for Cabbage Worms, 

 which is well worth trying; Bruise a quantity of 

 Tansy in a woo4len bucket, over which pour cold 

 water and let stand until the water is quite bitter 

 and then sprinkle it over the plants, being sure to 

 reach the worms with it. It is absolutely necessary 

 that the water should he quite bitter. 



The Germantoint Telegraph advises gardeners, 

 instead of trying to drive the striped bug away from 

 their Melon and Cucumber vines, to furnish the 

 bugs with food more to their taste by planting Rad- 

 ishes in the hills, and thus purchase exemption. 



A. M. Pearson says in the NewYork World: The 

 most successful young vineyard I have seen in 

 Vineland was planted as follows. Holes were dug 

 about three and a half feet in diameter and three 

 and a half feet deep. The vines, one year old, three 

 bud rooted cuttings, were planted at one side of the 

 bottom of these holes and the roots covered with 

 about six inches of soil mixed with a few handfuls 

 of bone-dust. As the vine gi-ew it was trained up 

 towards the top of the pit, and when growth of 

 weeds, etc., had formed a mat upon the soil, cover- 

 ing the vine roots , another laj-er of six inches of 

 soil was filled in. This process was repeated at in- 

 tervals until by August the holes were filled to the 

 general level. These vines made vigorous gi-owth 

 and this season carried an enormous crop of fruit, 

 resisting the influence of severe drought, from 

 which other vineyards in the locality suffered. 



Mr. F. K. Phoenix, the veteran pomologist of 

 Wisconsin, in relation to pruning trees says: " There 

 are many tolerably thrifty Apple trees throughout 

 the Northwest suffering for a thorough pruning out 

 of dead branches and spurs. It is perfectly well 

 known that dead wood is a deadly burden to a liv- 

 ing tree. Letting the dead limbs remain only robs 

 the five part of needed sap and greatly injures the 

 fruit. A lively pniner can go over several large 

 orchard trees in a daj-. but if it took a half day or 

 more to prime thoroughly a large tree of choice 

 fruit it will pay the owner most richly on the very 

 next crop of fruit." 



J. J. Harrison says in the Ohio Horticultural 

 Society: " Three or four years ago we lost thousands 

 of grape vines. Those vineyards where the Concord 

 was deeply planted sui'vived. while those that were 

 planted shallow died. With us it is considered es- 

 sential to plant deeply." 



The Geauga Bulletin says: Do not be satisfied 

 with putting a little fertilizer in the furrows or 

 hill as the planting is being done. This will start 

 the young plants, but as soon as the roots begin to 

 gi'ow they want to spread, and if the manure is but 

 a handful, just beneath, the roots must remain 

 crowded together or grow out where there is but 

 Uttle fertility. Roots want to spread over the en- 

 tire surface and plant food should be so placed as 

 to induce this. 



The Amerieau Stockman says: .\ new method of 

 preserving fruit is practiced in England. Pears. 

 Apples and other fruits are reduced to a pa.ste, 

 which is then pressed into cakes and gently dried. 

 When required for use it is only necessary to pour 

 four times their weight of boiling water over them, 

 and allow them to soak for 'jn minutes and then add 

 sugar to suit the taste. The fine flavor of the frait 

 is said to be retained to jiei-fcction. The cost of the 

 prepared proiluct is scarcely gi-eater than the origi- 

 nal fruit, differing with the supply and price of 

 the lattei-; the keeping qualities are excellent, so 

 that it may be had at any time of the year, and 

 beai-s long sea voyages without detriment. No peel- 

 jUg or curing is required, so there is no waste. 



