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POPULAR GARDENING. 



97 



on the social plan. They have eoniniittees on Or. 

 chards, Vineyards, Small Fruits, Insects, Botany, 

 Ornamental Planting, Forestry, from which reports 

 are received in every seasonable mouth. These 

 bring out much interesting matter, and altogether 

 the cause of horticulture is very much helped. Is 

 satisfied the social course is the only properone. It 

 calls out the ladies, who take a hearty interest in all 

 the proceedings 



President Lyons said their society was a social or 

 visiting one. He spoke of the good etfects on an 

 expected visit, in leading owners to give their 

 places a good clearing up and putting them into 

 shape, and that was a good thing. 



Mr. Peter Collier of the Adrian Society spoke of 

 their society adopting the social plan and having 

 found it a successful experience. A dinner or a 

 supper brings out the young folks, who in this way 

 get to be active members. Sometimes it bad been 

 suggested to go to a hall, but the "noes" always 

 carried. It seems to be hard to get ladies into halls. 



The January Meeting of the Western 

 New York Horticultural Society. 



In the neighboring city of Rochester, N. Y. , 

 this, the o3nd annual meeting of our Society, 

 convened on January 26th, and continued for 

 two days. When on the first day President 

 Barry called the meeting to order, he faced 

 about 1.50 of the horticulturists of this famous 

 fruit-growing district, which number was in- 

 creased to more than 200 before the meeting 

 was over. A keen interest was shown through- 

 out in the proceedings, and altogether a more 

 profitable gathering was never held by the 

 Society. A number of ladies attended the 

 sessions; there should have been many more 

 present. We aim to present some of the more 

 important points brought out. 



From President Barry's Address. — Fruit cult- 

 ure has been moderately prosperous. Crops, on 

 the whole, have been good. In our own section 

 the Apple crop was an exception. The loss to this 

 crop, no doubt, amounted to millions of dollars, 

 taking in as it did the best Apple region of our 

 State. The cause of this failure will be discussed 



Prices generally have been low, but this is a per- 

 iod of low prices, and we may as well expect them 

 in the future. Fruit growing has not suffered 

 more than any other branch of agnculture. 



We must rather aim at improving our methods— 

 and thus cheapen the cost of production. One 

 very common evil is attempting too much. Our 

 orchards should have twice or three times as much 

 manure and labor as they now get. Above all 

 other things, growing poor fruit will not pay. 



The production of fine fruit is not a mystery, 

 but it requires care and skill, and a good deal of 

 both. The trees must be kept in health and vigor. 

 Insects must be kept in subjection. The fruit 

 must be gathered at the right time and in the most 

 careful manner, and be marketed with judgment — 

 nothing can be left to chance. 



The fruit growing industry has been much car- 

 ried on in an easy going way, which will not an- 

 swer in the future. An industry of such impor- 

 tance, not only to ourselves, but to others, must 

 not be allowed to suffer from poor management. 

 Our cultivators must be aroused or our great 

 fruit industry will perish 



It is strange that fruit growers do not more gen- 

 erally unite in societies, and thus aid one another 

 in their work. Our own society ought to have 

 1,000 members from throughout Western New York. 



Os THE Currant. Dr. Sturtevant in his essay said 

 this was one of the younger members of the horti- 

 cultural family. There is no ancient record of it. 

 In 1616 what may be called the Common Red was 

 figured ; it was also used in topiary work. The 

 wild types became more fruitful in cultivation. 

 Many sub-varieties have come from culture. It 

 received its present form between 15-12 and 1588. 

 Mr. Barry said the Currant was one of the most 

 important as it is one of the most abused fruits. 

 Can hardly find it properly cultivated. Give plenty 

 of manure and some pruning and there will be 

 plenty of fruit. The red and not the white is the 

 Currant for market. Mr. Keed spoke of a Bright 

 Yellow Currant in Dakota that is sweet but not 

 prolific. E. A. Bronson said the Currant had been 

 a good crop and gave good market results; for 

 this it must have good treatment. 



Past a,\d Futdbk of Fbcit Growing. In a paper 

 on this subject J. J. Thomas recalled the time 

 when the public looked with amazement on the 

 grower of 2!^ acres of nursery trees, wondering 

 where they could find sale for them all. Formerly 



no reliability could be placed in names; there were 



"Early Bartletts," " Fall Bartletts " and "Winter 

 Bartletts," "Blue Plums" and "Green Gages," 

 applied to all varieties of these fruits good or bad 

 In general the want of intelligence among the 

 people was a great cause of hindrance to horticul- 

 ture Every one of our 50 millions should enjoy 

 the yearly circle of garden fruits. Each family of 5 

 persons should have a garden of five acres. Many 

 orchardists make a mistake of thinking trees will 

 take care of themselves. Our large orchards must 

 give way to smaller and better. 



B,- 



•-,B 



A,., 



Eeplantinu Old Orchards. A's show Site, B's approxi, 

 mate Root Circu/n/erence of Old Trees, C tntermediate 

 spot of fresh soil. 



Hardy Roses. Mr. Dunning, a successful grower 

 of these, in a valuable paper, said that Hybrid Per- 

 petuals can be successfully grown by any one who 

 tries. Insects offer trouble, but they are easily 

 controlled. Supply plenty of food to the plants. 

 Protection in winter is of great importance. He 

 advises to simply bend the plants down and cover 

 with snow, corn stalks, evergreens, or similar ma- 

 terial; earth is good. Pruning is a stumbling block 

 to beginners. He would leave not more than two 

 shoots to young plants, cutting these back to two 

 eyes. Prunes in cutting the flowers by taking long 

 stems; this causes a new growth soon and later 

 flowers. For a location prefers one somewhat 

 sheltered but exposed to some sun. He plants 

 mostly in beds on a lawn, in strong soil well pre- 

 pared Coats the bed with manure in the fall, and 

 this acts as a mulch too He cuts away the buds of 

 all but one or two flowers the first year. A good 

 growth of wood is desirable Liquid manuring is 

 the greatest secret of success: it kills the larva: of 

 injurious insects. Uses it several times a week. 

 Tills about once a week and adds leaf mold each 

 time. A pleasant diversion is to make a Tree Rose 

 by taking a strong shoot, leave some growth at 

 top, clip all the other away, support the shoot by 

 a stake and protect the trunk from the sun. Mr 

 Dunning's favorite varieties are M. P. Wilder, P. C. 

 de Rohan, Louis Van Houtte, Eugenie Verdier, 

 Gabriel Luizet, Baroness Rothschild, Mabel Mor- 

 rison, a " White Baroness Rothschild," Eliza Bcelle, 

 Madame Augusta Perrin, Merville de Lyon, new 

 white, Ettienne Levet, Glory of Cheshunt, Annie 

 Wood, Annie de Diesbach, Francis Michelon, Marie 

 Baumann, Alfred Colomb, Chas, Lefebvre, Chas. 

 Margotten. General Jacqueminot. Two unique 

 Roses are Marquise de Castellane, Edward Morren. 

 Among good honest varieties he named, Margueteri 

 de St. Amande, John Hopper, Abel Grand, Jules 

 Margotten. Louise Odier is a perfectly hardy 

 Bourbon. La France and Captain Cristy are the 

 most reliable Hybrid Teas. 



Replanting old Orchards (see engraving). W.T. 

 Smith would not hesitate to do so. planting pre- 

 cisely where old trees stood, as the feeding roots 

 of the old trees are not there; Mr. Green and Mr. 

 Hooker concurred. Mr. Atwood opposed this view, 

 saying he had removed an old orchard, planting 

 the ground to nursery stock. Wherever an old 

 tree row came, could always see by feebler growth 

 in the nursery trees. Mr. Watson would not plant 

 the young trees where old ones had stood, but be- 

 tween, then in later years the roots would extend 

 back to the sites of the old ones. 



To be Continued. 



Fruit Matters in Nova Scotia. 



The 2:M annual meeting of the Fruit Grow- 

 ers' As.sociation occmred January Iflth and 

 20th, at Wolfeville. It was a most successful 

 one in every way, calling out a large atten- 

 dance at all the sessions. Following are some 

 of the matters brought out in the meeting : 



One of the first papers was on " Fruit Grow- 



ing in Nova Scotia in 1880," by Dr. Chipman 

 of Grand Pre. Among other things, the Doc- 

 tor said that twenty years ago the farmers of 

 Nova Scotia grew almost no fruit, Potatoes be- 

 ing the chief crop. The United States by 

 shutting its doors to their Potatoes had com- 

 pelled them to take up something else, so they 

 turned their attention to fruits, and have now 

 become a competitor with the United States 

 in the worhl's mat ket. Kings county, one of 

 the smallest in the Province, raised last year 

 100,000 barrels of apples for shipment, which 

 brought at least $l.iil,0O0; and in one case one 

 quarter of an acre produced oO barrels. Many 

 young orchards have been planted which have 

 scarcely come into bearing, so that the annual 

 yield will soon be increased very much. Plum 

 and small fruit culture is on the increase. 



A paper contributed by Prof. Penhallow of 

 McGill University, on the " Spot Disease of the 

 Fameuse Apple," was read by Prof. Tuffts of 

 Acadia College. In the course of the paper it was 

 shown how great was .the loss from this disease 

 and that it diminished the size of fruit as 1 to 2 or 

 1 to a, and that it is not a recent disease Prof. 

 Trelease's Wisconsin report was reviewed. The life 

 history of the fungus was traced as far as known. 

 For treatment judicious pruning was suggested, but 

 the writer looks with disfavor upon local appUcations 

 of sulphur, potash, etc.. in any form, advising all to 

 look after the general nutrition of the tree. 



Secretary C. H. Starr (commissioner to Lon- 

 don for Canada at the Colonial Exhibitioni gave 

 an address on fruits at that exhibition. He said 

 that what the English want is a crisp, fresh Apple. 

 Fruits should always be sent in cold storage, and 

 should be sold by private sale and not at auction. 

 The English are substituting Apples for beer. 



An interesting account was given by Dr. Saun- 

 ders of various methods which he adopted in the 

 preservation of fruit at the Colonial Exhibition, 

 such as the use of salicylic, sulphurous and bor- 

 acic acids and chloral hydrates. He found these 

 four the best and most satisfactory preservatives. 

 For example, salicylic acid turns Pears black, but 

 on treatment with sulphurous acid the color was 

 restored. In England Grapes are grown under 

 glass, and while they are free from the foxy taste of 

 our Grapes, are very expensive, and so he thought 

 a good market might be had for ours there. 



A paper on " Evaporation of Fruit," was read by 

 Prof. H. W'. Smith, of Nova Scotia's School of Ag- 

 riculture. He explamed how extensive the prac- 

 tice was elsewhere, and very much regretted that 

 so few evaporators were to be found in the Pro- 

 vince. The workings of evaporators was ex- 

 plained. He showed that in ordinary seasons they 

 were a ready means of saving much fruit. 



Prof. Fletcher addressed the association on the in- 

 sects which had been the most injurious during the 

 past season. These were the canker worm, to treat 

 which he advised the use of Paris green sprayed 

 upon the trees, cautioning against a copious use of 

 that insecticide, as it would injure the foUage. 

 Aphides were also quite destructive, but could be 

 destroyed by emulsions of soap and kerosene in 

 water, the soap assisting very much in the forma- 

 tion of the emulsion. Other insects were spoken of. 



The Fruit Committee reported that the Apple crop 

 of 1886 was the finest ever produced in Nova Scotia 

 both for quality and quantity. Very good crops 

 of Plums and Pears were also reported. The 

 prices for Apples had been very good. Tompkin's 

 King leading at 21s. in London, while the average 

 price for the crop of these was Uls. Gravenstems, 

 which constitute one-fifth of the entire crop here 

 sold for from 12s to His. 



An Essay on Waysides. 



\By Miss Carrie Brown, before the Horticultural 

 Society, at Dayton, Ohio ] 



As we go out of our city in almost any direc- 

 tion we find the waysides are ragged and un- 

 kept, grown up with coarse unsightly weeds. 

 It appears to be nobody's business to take care 

 of these narrow strips of land on either side of 

 the public roads. Even within our city limits 

 great bed.s of rank weeils are permitted to grow. 



But I am not simply urging a raid upon 

 weeds; I have in mind the adornmeut of the 

 roadsides, so I must put in a plea for some of 

 the lovely wild flowers that are often found 

 along the way, and beg those whose object is 

 the destruction of weeds to use a little discre- 

 tion and save such flowers as are attractive to 



