1887. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



129 



4. ToiUixo —For use on a small scale as about 

 Roses, Geraniums, Salvias, Verbenas. Chrysanthe- 

 mums, rtowerin^ shrubs, etc, the old remedy of 

 whale-oil soap and tobacco water, or the more re- 

 cent and more convenient ones of Bprinklinp the 

 affected parts with tobacco dust, or mulching the 

 plants with tobac<.-o stems are entirely satisfactory. 

 6. Kerosene Emission.— On a large scale, as for 

 Apple, Cherry and other trees, the Kerosene Emul- 

 ~ sion Remedy, first pub- 

 lished by the Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, at 

 Washington, is jierhaps 

 the best one known. It 

 is prepared as follows: 

 Kerosene, two gallons; 

 one-half pound common 

 soap, or whale-oil soap; 

 water one gallon. Heat 

 the water and dissolve 

 the soap in it, then add it 

 boiling hot to the kero- 

 sene. Churn the mixture 

 by means of a force 

 pump and spray nozzle 

 for ten minutes, when it 

 will form an emulsion. 

 Dilute before using one 

 Fig. 9. TJie Dai^y Pump. PF^ of the emulsion with 

 " ^ ' nme parts of cold wat<?r 



This mixture will kill every louse that it touches, 

 and the good accomplished depends only on the 

 thoroughness of the application. It will be seen 

 that two gallons of kerosene and one-half a jiound 

 of soap make, when diluted to the right strength, 

 thirty gallons of wash. Two precautions must be 

 carefully observed: Fu^t the oil and water must be 

 thoroughly mixed; soft water ispreferable. When 

 the mixture is complete the fluid becomes a milky 

 white, and all globules of oil disappear from the 

 surface Second: the mixture should be applied to 

 the trees in the form of a fine spray from a force 

 pump. Experiments show that unless the mix- 

 ture is most thoroughly made, the young Jeaves 

 would turn brown The use of a "force pump 

 obviates this difficulty, as the fine spray tends to 

 divide into minute portions any kerosene that may 

 be left unmixed. Mr. Charles T-ittle. of Rochester, 

 has reported that he finds no better device for ap- 

 plying this emulsion than the Daisy Pump, (of Fig. 

 9). Adj- syringe or force pump with spraying at 

 tachment will answer. The one known as Lewis' 

 Combination Force Pump with Tree Spraying noz- 

 zle, which may be changed from a solid stream (for 

 mixing) to a fine spray while the pump is working, 

 is one of the best for applying any kind of remedies 

 to trees After going over Apple trees twice with 

 the emulsion it has been found that few or no Aphis 

 are left: thti expense i** trifling. 



6- Fumes of Coal Tar.— Mr. Crane, a 

 succcessful fniit grower of Lockport.N.Y.. 

 stated at the last meeting of the Western 

 New York Horticultural Society tliat he 

 had found the burning of a wad of rags 

 attached to a pole and coated with coal tar, 

 a safe and complete remedy for the Aphis 

 Plum trees that were black with this pest 

 were, by a few applications, perfectly 

 cleaned The wad should be burned un- 

 derneath and not too near the foliage. 



7. Promoting Growth.— Owing to the 

 universality of Plant Lice, it should per- 

 haps be stated that they are always more 

 troublesome on plants or trees in an en- 

 feebled condition than on others. Any 

 course that tends to promote vigor will be 

 helpful in withstanding then* attacks. 



SCALE OR BARK LICE ON APPLE, PEAR, 

 ELM AND OTHER TREES AND PLANTS. 



These iusects are very common and 

 destructive in many places, especially 

 80 on the Apple tree, the young shoots 

 of which are in many cases completely 

 covered by them. 



8. Soft Soap and Carbolic Acid.— A 

 strong solution of soft soap is tbe old and 

 reliable remedy. Professor Cook has im- 

 proved on this by the addition of crude 

 carboUc acid, making the mixture as fol- 

 lows: One quart of soft soap to two 

 gallons of water heated to the boiling 

 point, when one pint of crude carbolic 

 acid is added, stirring the solution well at 

 the same time. This should be applied 

 early in June, and again some weeks later. 

 with a cloth or scrubbing brush, to all 

 affected parts. 



CURCULIO OR WEEVIL OF THE PLUM, 

 APRICOT, CHERRY, ETC.,{Cono^YlcA- 



elus nenujyhar.) 

 This is the greatest enemy of the Plum and 

 some other stone fruits, while also affecting the 

 Apple and other kinds. Dr. Harris says that 

 the L herry Worm, which is very common in 

 this fruit, is identical with the Plum Curculio, 

 but unlike the effects of the insecton the Plum, 

 it rarely causes the Cherry to drop prematurely 

 to the groimd. 



9. The .Tarring Process.— This is a simple and 

 adeijuate remedy within the means of everyone's 

 employing. It consists of spreading cloth sheets, 

 or frames of some form, covered with cloth, under 

 the tree, jarring the tree sharply by striking on an 

 Inserted spike or on the stump of a lower limb 



removed for the purpose. An excellent device of 

 our own for this purpose is ilKistrated In Fig. 8. 

 The cloth at the rear end of the frame is attached 

 to a single light strip of board, while at the centre 

 of the entire area it is divided into two parts, the 

 further end of each being attached to a short cross 

 piece, which in turn is supported by one arm of 

 a light frame, as shown in the figure. The two fur- 

 ther cross pieces are one foot apart at B. to admit 

 of bringing the frame under the tree, with its cen- 

 ter and main cross arm resting against the trunk 

 during the jarring A finp of cloth A extends from 

 one of the projecting parts to tbe other, to be 

 raised and again let down in adjusting the frame. 

 Concerning the jarring operation, this should be 

 begun as soon as the insect commences its work, 

 which is soon after the fruit is set. From " Lutt's 

 Guide to Plum Culture," we quote: "The work of 

 the insect may easily be detected by the small cres- 

 ent-shaped mark that is left on the fruit. The 

 jarring process need not necessai^ily be performed 

 early in the morning while the dew is on, or late 

 in the afternoon. It will not so readily let go its 

 hold, as when it is actuallv at work, and this is not 

 until the dew has dried off and the atmosphere has 

 become warm. The number of times that an 

 orchard should be gone over depends upon the 

 varieties. Those that become hard and downy 

 soon, like Richmond, L'->m>>ard, Reine Claude etc., 

 require much less jarring than large, smooth kinds 

 like Pond Seedling. Yellow Egg. C'-'C's Golden Drop. 

 etc. It should be repeated daily for one week, and 

 then at intervals of a day or so between, so long as 

 the insect remains at work," 



WORM ON THE CURRANT AND GOOSEBERRY. 



(Nemafus vmfricosiis). 

 This very common pest is so readily dealt 

 with by the timely application of remedies that 

 there can be no possible excuse for the shock* 

 ing damage often seen done to these useful 

 fruits about town and coimtry homes. 



10. Hellebore. — Concerning the use of this 

 specific, we reproduce in subsianc** the directions 

 recently given by Dr Lintner. N. Y. State Kntomo- 

 logist, in our columns; " Hellebore is the best of 

 known remedies and a perfectly effectual one. 

 Properly applied no harm can possibly result from 

 it- It should be used in the following manner: 

 Early in the spring, as soon as the leaves of the 

 Currant have fuUv put forth, watch for tbe first in- 

 dications of the hati-hing and commencement of 

 the young larvae. You have only to look for these 

 on the lowest leai'ts: <>/ tJie bushes near the ground. 

 The indications will be numerous small holes eaten 

 into the leaves. Sprinkle powdered Hellebore over 



THE ROSE-SLUG AND BAW-Tl.Y.—{Selan(b'i(t 

 rosce.) 



These pernicious vermin are known to all 

 Rose growers. The Rose Saw-fly, shown 

 greatly enlarged in Fig. fi, is a shiny black 

 insect which appears in the latter part of 



Fig. 



10. TIte Hose in the 

 tree top. 



II. Moodi/s Wagon Wheel P<nr. 



1, 3, 5 a7id others. 



lying Remedies 



these leaves, renewing it if washed away by rain, 



and the desired end is accomplished. If the helle- 

 bore remains upon the leaves during the time that 

 larvfe are hatching all will be killed, and none will 

 remain for subsequent spreading over the leaves 

 and for the need of future attention. If the first 

 brood of worms is thus destroyed there will be few 

 if any to form a second brood'in June. 



11. Hand Pinching.— Some find it convenient to 

 watch for the first eaten leaves, and to pinch them 

 off by hand and destroy them. The eggs are al- 

 ways to be found conspicuously arranged in rows 

 upon the veins of the under side of the leaves 



12. Refcse Touacco Stkms.— Laying some re- 

 fuse tobacco stems, from the cigar makers, in the 

 centre of each bush about May 1st, or mulching the 

 bushes with tobacco stems, or these mixed with 

 strawy manure, afford a complete remedy. 



May and up to about 

 June 15th, and also 

 again in August, the 

 female laying its eggs 

 in incisions made with 

 its saw obliquely into 

 the skin of the leaf. The 

 young which appear in 

 from ten to fifteen days 

 are the greenish almost transparent Slugs that 

 are frequently met in such great numbers feed- 

 ing on Rose bushes until the whole foliage looks 

 as if scorched by fire. 



13. Tobacco— Same as 12. 



14. Hellebore. Drv.— Promptly dust the pow- 

 dered drug lightly over the affected bushes by the 

 use of a tin can with a piece of muslin tied over the 

 end : the foliage should be moist at the time. Pro- 

 fessor Lintner suggests that before using Hellebore 

 its strength shouUl be tested by applying a small 

 pinch to tbe nostrils, if it fails to produce a ting- 

 ling sensation it should be rejected as comparitively 

 worthless. 



15. Whale Oil or Other Soap Suds --Whale 

 oil soap dissolved iu water in the proportion of two 

 pounds of the former to fifteen gallons of water, 

 adding also a double handful of salt, and with this 

 wetting the foliage affected. Ordinary soap used 

 instead of the other makes nearly as good a remedy. 



16. Paris Green Solution. -Same as 1. 



17. Kerosene Ejiflsion.— Same as 5 



18. Dr.sT.— Dry air-slaked hme, plaster of Paris, 

 wood ashes, or even road dust, if regularly and 

 repeatedly applied, will destroy the slugs. 



ROSE BEETLE, CHAFER OR BUG, ATTACKING 

 ALSO THE APPLE, PLUM, CHERRY, 

 GRAPE, VEGETABLES, ETC. — 



{Macrodactylus subsjnnosus.) 



This insect, shown in Fig. 5, is one 

 of the greatest pests known to the 

 gardener. It devours buds, blossoms, 

 young fruit, and leaves. Not only does 

 the Rose suffer badly from its depre- 

 dations, but entire crops of Peaches, 

 Grapes, Apples, Cherries, etc. have been 

 blasted by the same insect. They seem 

 to have a special fondness for the Ox- 

 eye or Field Daisy ; it is a pity they do 

 not confine their attentions to that 

 weed. They are of a grayish or ashen 

 yellow color. Their time of attack 

 continues for a month or more from 

 the blossomiDg of Garden Roses. 



19. Jarring AND Burning.— Same as 9. 



20. Hand Picking ANn Burning.— This 

 is the most common remedj' for small 

 bushes and not so serious as it might 

 seem Gather them early in the morning 

 by picking or brushing into a vessel of 

 water. Afterwards they should be burned. 



THE ONION FLY AND MAGGOT. — {^?l- 



fhoiHffia ceparwn.) 

 These have long interfered seriously 

 with the Onion crop. They appear in 

 successive broods, the fly lajing eggs 

 in the young Onion, as shown in 

 Fig. 7, and which hatch usually 

 within a week, the larv.-p at once 

 burrowingdown into the I'oot. Usually 

 a number of these maggots may be found in a 

 single young Onion, the earth about the part of 

 attack being wet and slimy. When the bulb is 

 consumed, as shown by the tops turning yel- 

 low and dying, they desert the plant and attack 

 and destroy others one after another. 



21. Unleachkd A.-^hks.— Scattering these over 

 the Onion bed, while the plants are wet with dew. 

 once a week throughout the month of June, has 

 been found of sen-ice in keeping off the fly. 



22. Destruving Affected Onions— In case of 

 an attack all affected plants should at once be taken 

 up by means of a broad-bladed knife to lift tbe 

 larvae, and then promjitly burning or otherwise 

 destroying the soil and other matter lifted. 



To he continued nej^-t month. 



