SlXTliliXUJ .LWr.lL MliLiTING. 61 



shall lia\e plans and specifications before commencing- the 

 building of the modern sky scraper or palatial residence. The 

 /////'(/ essential from an economic point of view, is an adminis- 

 tratixc ability to apply what technical knowledge may have 

 been acquired, in a methodical manner, to see clearly what 

 varieties are adapted to tliAt particular location, to be a student 

 of market conditions, to ascertain where and whom to sell; 

 and last but not least is the capacity for management of help, 

 either directly or through judicious choice of foreman or o\'er- 

 seers. This business or administrative ability is the secret — if 

 it be a secret, of the marvelous success of our great captains 

 of industry. Our great fruit growers all have this quality in 

 a xQvy marked degree. The}' have planned for the harvest 

 and \\hen the harvest came they were ready for it. No matter 

 what the condition of the weather or of the market they 

 planned to get the most out of their crops. Help was secured 

 to gather their fruit when it was ripe, orchard equipment was 

 provided, barrels or packages were provided in anticipation of 

 the harvest; storage was secured to protect the crop in case a 

 sale was not made before the fruit was gathered. It was the 

 attention to all these details that has made all the diiTerence 

 between profit and loss in many an orchard, not onlv in New 

 England but likewise through man}- other sections of our 

 country. To be wise is to ha\'e a vision of all the contingencies 

 that may arise and thus l)e prepared for them in their time 

 and season. 



The first step is taken in the [jrofitable handling of an apple 

 orchard before a sod has been turned; we should with great 

 care select the soil in which to plant our trees. You all know 

 the apple is adapted to a wider range of soils and a greater 

 change in climatic conditions than almost any other fruit. 

 Nevertheless, a good soil that is well adapted to the apple is so 

 much to the grower's advantage. Tn a soil survev made bv the 

 Department of Agriculture at Washington, taking in the Con- 

 necticut valley for some distance south of here and extending 

 north through Alassachusetts, following the river approxi- 

 mately, to the Vermont line, there are described 14 difi'erent 

 types of soil, but in all these 14 different types there is onlv one 

 type that is particularly recommended and described as being 



