SIXTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING. 101 



in the course of this poisonous gases are formed that find ready 

 entrance beneath or through the loosened scale. 



It will be noted in this connection that in order to exercise 

 any effect at all the material must cover the scale and this point 

 should be well marked. 



A few words about these lime and suli)hur combinations 

 may not be entirely amiss, even from a Jerseyman, for they 

 have their advantages, especially on peach trees, and we have 

 tested about every kin(l -^^f mixture that has ever been proposed. 



In its perfect form the lime and sulphur wash is a com- 

 bination by heat of approximately equal parts by weight of 

 sulphur and lime, forming what may be roughly called a 

 sulphide of lime. If I take 1 pound of fine sulphur and 1 

 pound of good lime, add water enough to slake and boil over 

 a fire ; I get in time a union of all the sulphur with as much 

 lime as will combine with it and I will have a little lime left 

 over as milk of lime or white-wash. If I use two pounds of 

 lime I get no more sulphide of lime, but I get a great deal more 

 whitewash, which adds nothing to the killing quality of my 

 w^ash, but makes it thicker, harder to apply and really less 

 effective because it does not get into crevices so well. 



If I don't like to boil the wash with fire or steam I can get 

 the heat some other way — as, for instance, with more lime. 

 That is, I can use the heat formed by the slaking of 2 pounds 

 of lime to unite the third pound of lime with one pound of 

 sulphur — and then I will have even more useless lime in the 

 combination. Or I can use caustic potash or sal soda to 

 furnish some of the heat. In any case, what I want to im- 

 press upon you is that any one gallon of sulphide of lime com- 

 bined by heat is the equal so far as insecticide qualities is 

 concerned of any other gallon, no matter where you get the 

 heat — coal, wood, lime, potash or soda — provided you get 

 enough, so as to cover small spaces not actually hit. The 

 pounds of lime and one pound of sulphur into a cold loarrel, 

 put in cold water enough to slake and commence to stir with a 

 hoe ; you will first warm up your water, then your barrel, next 

 the air round about, and if there is any heat left you may get 

 a little of the sulphur into combination witli a little of the 

 lime; but tJie bulk of vour result will be white-wash with a 



