108 THE CONNECTICUT POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



and the problem is different. The bark in general is rougher: 

 there are more crevices and loose scales. Toward the tips the 

 twigs are hairy and at and around the buds are numerous 

 hiding places and shelter for the scales. At the base of these 

 plant hairs and sheltered by them are numerous half grown 

 scales in just the best condition for successful wintering. 



Now spray with the lime and sulphur, wash as before and 

 you will get your trunk and branches well covered as a rule; 

 but here and there a bark scale will be sealed on or a crevice 

 skinned over, and there will be no soaking in or under by the 

 wash ; and at the tips, especially toward the top of the tree, the 

 wash will form a coating oi'er the plant hairs, i.e., the twigs 

 may be white, but the mixture has not really come into contact 

 with the scales at all. What is the result? When the season 

 is well advanced it de\-elops that the tree is clean so far as you 

 can see; but your fruit is specked with scales — sometimes so 

 badly as to be unsalable. I was in an apple orchard once be- 

 longing to a man who preached lime and sulphur, morning, 

 noon and night, and who had done the best he could to demon- 

 strate. But his fruit was a horrible sight and he was ready to 

 give up in disgust. Yet except on the fruit his trees were 

 really very free from scales. It is simply that the material 

 has practical limitations. It does not readily spread nor pene- 

 trate and the more lime there is in the combination the less it 

 can do so. With just enough lime, plenty of power behind 

 the nozzle and good judgment on the part of the man doing 

 the work excellent results have been obtained. But the bigger 

 the tree the more difficult the task and the less satisfactory the 

 result. 



Let us use oil instead. It is more fluid, soaks under the 

 bark scales and into crevices and if applied with reasonable 

 force it penetrates through the covering of plant hairs. You 

 mav miss just as many scales; but they will not be all on the 

 tips of the twigs and the fruit will l)e better. And if you spray 

 a second time you stand more than an even chance of getting 

 those that you missed the first time. Applied by the same man, 

 with the same outfit, in the same way. Scalecide will do better 

 work than the lime and sulphur wash on apples and I recom- 

 mend it in preference on large trees. On pear the oil seems to 



