28 THE CONNECTICUT POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



I am convinced that much time and money is wasted every 

 year because of using mixtures improperly prepared, and not 

 doing the work thoroughly, and hence I append a few general 

 suggestions. 



In regard to diseases: Fungous diseases are caused by 

 fungous germs growing upon the leaf, stem or fruit: such 

 are the scab, rust, leaf-blights, rots, mildews, black-knots, etc., 

 and are prevented and controlled in a measure by the use of 

 copper or other solutions which kill these germs. 



Bacterial diseases are caused by a bacterial germ which 

 usually enters the system of the plants, such as pear-blight, 

 and probably peach yellows, and the melon-blight. The most 

 satisfactory remedies yet discovered are a vigorous use of axe 

 and saw\ 



In regard to mixtures: Bordeaux has practically supplanted 

 all other fungicides in treating fruit diseases, with a tendency 

 to use the weak solution of copper sulphate in place of the 

 ammoniacal compounds of copper, and a dilute solution of 

 Bordeaux, — one-half usual formula for the stone fruits \vhere 

 the Bordeaux would injure the foliage. 



Application: Do not spray until you know what you are 

 spraying for. It will not pay. Do not spray wdth materials 

 improperly prepared, or with Bordeaux made of air-slacked 

 lime. Do not fail to dilute the lime and copper sulphate before 

 mixing, and mix vigorously. Do not fail to strain the mate- 

 rials. If you do, do not swear if the nozzle clogs. Do not spray 

 when most convenient, or when it looks like a long fair spell; 

 spray at the proper time. 



As a rule the first spraying should be done when the buds 

 swell, and again when the last petals fall, but weather and 

 conditions, not date, control these to a great extent, and all 

 subsequent applications, if necessary, entirely. 



Don't forget to pay oflf that grudge against the codlin moth 

 and other insects at the same time. 



The President : We are glad of this very full report by 

 Mr. Putnam. 



Now, if there are no further questions we will hear from 

 Prof. Gulley on "Some Lessons from the Pan-American Fruit 

 Exhibit." 



