ELEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING. 59 



whether there is any fruit in sight or not. You never can get 

 healthy fruit buds without perfect fohage, and your fruit buds 

 are already formed now for next year's crop. The first 

 spraying should be done just as the leaf buds are breaking. 

 Then is the time to use the Bordeaux mixture. The next time 

 is just before the blossoms come out. If you have got any 

 insect pests in your orchard I claim that that is the best way 

 to keep them in check. By putting on the spray in this way 

 you do it just at the time when it is most effective to destroy 

 these dift'erent pests that you have got to reach at certain 

 times if you are going to do any good. They are more readily 

 killed then. Then, you want to spray again after the blossoms 

 fall. 



My plan is to repeat that last spraying if it rains before the 

 petals close up. It may be that sometimes it will be necessary 

 to spray more than three times in order to keep some insects in 

 check. Some of them are very much more readily killed when 

 the worms are small. You take the canker w^orm that is first 

 cousin to the tent caterpillar, and he is a bad fellow to handle. 

 Wq had some experience with that fellow and w^e had to spray a 

 number of times before we killed them out. We found by taking 

 a pound of paris green and putting it into the mixture and then 

 spraying after a rain — we sprayed one year seven times in the 

 month of June — we were able to control this pest. Of course, if 

 you are going to use a strong dose you will have to use an excess 

 of lime. I put in about three times the amount of lime that is 

 needed before the foliage comes on. We tried it with a smaller 

 quantity of paris green but it did not work, and we finally put 

 on a pound and by using plenty of lime it did not hurt the 

 trees. We had to do something or be eaten up. 



And then the last time, in spraying for the codlin moth, spray 

 after the blossoms fall. That is thoroughly understood and it 

 is explained by the Experiment Station just how to do that. 

 The main thing is to know how to mix your Bordeaux mixture. 

 It is very necessary to do it just right. If you do not you are 

 apt to have trouble. 



It may be necessary sometimes to drain your orchard. The 

 work of drainage is an important matter. An excess of water 

 is just as harmful as a deficiency. You want to look out for 

 that when you start your orchard. You do not want to put an 



