138 THE CONNECTICUT POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



form of thread-like fungus. If a spore of this fungus lodges 

 upon an apple it germinates under favorable conditions and 

 produces a thread-like structure that grows into the tissue of 

 the apple and causes it to decay. One may readily become 

 familiar with the disease from the appearance of the affected 

 spot and by the bitter taste of the diseased parts. The fungus 

 grows very rapidly, with the result that even in a few days, 

 through its ready means of distribution, it will be quite gen- 

 erally spread through the orchard. These spores multiply 

 rapidly by a pinching off of the ends of the fungus threads.* 



*It is apparent, therefore, that cedar trees should not be 

 allowed to grow in the vicinity of apple orchards or, at least, 

 they should be kept free from cedar apples. In addition to this 

 precaution the trees should be sprayed several times during the 

 season with Bordeaux mixture. The matter of spraying is 

 something which must be taken into account in connection with 

 orchard management. 



There is another disease of the apple called the Brown Spot. 

 The cause of this trouble seems to be different in different locali- 

 ties. In some cases the spots are full of a thread-like fungus, 

 while in other instances no parasite is found in connection with 

 the discolored areas. It is difficult to distinguish the former 

 from the latter except by the aid of a microscope. If the dis- 

 colored spots are full of fungi, the disease may be controlled, to 

 some extent at least, by spraying with Bordeaux mixture, just 

 before the buds open and just after the blossoms fall. 



Those of you who are interested in the culture of quinces 

 know that both the fruit and the foliage are sometimes affected 

 with a scab similar to the scab of the apple. This has been 

 found to be entirely controllable by the use of the Bordeaux 

 mixture and other fungicides, and in view of the efficient remedy 

 very little may be feared from this disease. 



Some of our fruits, especially apples, pears and quinces, some- 

 times have discolored bands or spots upon their surfaces. 



*NoTE. Apple rust and scab were also described, and it was shown 

 that these diseases were also due to the action of thread-like fungi that 

 grow into the tissues of the fruit and foliage. Attention was called to 

 the fact that the peculiar growths sometimes found on cedar trees and 

 known as cedar apoles, are one stage in the life history of the apple 

 rust fungus. 



