146 MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



to the last of March with dormant wood. Midsummer grafting, 

 either in or out of doors, is not a success. In all kinds of grafting 

 it is better to have the stock started ahead of the scion. A calm 

 atmosphere and a warm temperature are more conducive to success 

 than a cold wet one. The tools necessary are a good saw, budding 

 knife, grafting iron, pruning shears, a bunch of raffia or wax cloth 

 to keep the grafts in place, and grafting wax to cover the wounds 

 and keep out the water. All scions should be cut before the sap 

 begins to flow rapidly, from January to the middle of March. 

 Many plants with slender stems are injured by freezing; these 

 should be cut in the fall before heavy frosts and kept in sand or 

 moss in a cool pit or cellar. For future use I find this especially 

 applicable to hybrid roses when the wood is wanted for winter use. 

 A great loss of grafts is sure to be the result if the wood is not 

 thoroughly ripened and collected before being hard frozen. All 

 scions if possible should be of medium growth and of well-ripened 

 wood a year old. In some cases, such as oaks, hickories, birches, 

 and beeches, two and even three year old wood often takes better 

 than that of one year old. 



Inarching, or grafting by approach, is without doubt the most 

 ancient of all grafting methods. From time to time Nature gives 

 us examples of it in roots or trees that have become united where 

 they have been bruised or pressed together. Man was no doubt 

 quick to perceive and take advantage of this hint, and when once 

 he had tried it to improve upon it. A few years ago almost all our 

 Camellias, Azaleas and other hard-wooded plants, were worked in 

 this way, and in many continental nurseries this method is still in 

 use. The time for inarching out of doors is from early spring until 

 July or August, while the tree or shrub is in active growth, and as 

 the scions are still attached to the parent plant they may be inarched 

 in either a woody or herbaceous state. The simplest method is to 

 remove from both stock and scion a thin slice of the bark from two 

 to three inches long, then bringing both cut surfaces together in 

 such a manner that they will fit exactly; tie firmly with bass or 

 raffia and cover the wound to keep out the air, although this is not 

 always necessary. 



Another kind of inarching is similar to tongue-grafting. An 

 incision is made in the stock and the scion and the two are bound 



