General Principles 6i 



necessary idea of what is intended. The dotted Hne, taken 

 from a window as the point of view, will make it evident that 

 a bush is just as useful when sufficiently near as a large tree 

 in a more remote position. And it may be mentioned that 

 where the ground falls away from the point of vision towards 

 an object that is to be shut out, the application of this prin- 

 ciple is still more striking. 



Such deformities in a landscape as are somewhat distant, 

 and either not actually large, or which, from their remoteness, 

 do not appear to cover much space, may at times be appro- 

 priately blotted out by a neat greenhouse or summer seat, a 

 small temple, or any architectural feature akin to these. In 

 connection with a flower garden, too, the same point may be 

 compassed by a colonnaded wall, an ornamental or treUised 

 covered way, an architecturally treated wall for chmbers, or 

 a short range of glass houses. But ornaments of this class are 

 fitted only for peculiar positions and styles of architecture, to 

 which they require skillful adapting. 



There are certain features to be met with in some land- 

 scapes, which, though not in themselves inelegant or defi- 

 cient in beauty and interest, may have their character and 

 effect very much improved by the way in which they are 

 made visible from a place. Such are church towers and 

 spires, fig. 12, pillars and obelisks, distant and pretty cottages, 

 prospect and flag towers, ruins, lighthouses, windmills, and 

 many other more commonplace erections, which may yet, 

 from their position, their outline, or their historical or local 

 associations, be worth directing attention to particularly. 

 The most characteristic and effective plan of introducing 

 such to view is by openings in the intermediate or boundary 

 plantations, which shall create a kind of vista at the end of 

 which the object intended to be seen occurs. If the sides of 

 such vistas are tastefully and naturally finished off, without 



