Practical Considerations 149 



being longer than the rest, and fixed into the ground; or, if 

 square, the sides may be made of similar wood, fastened cross- 

 wise at about the same distance apart to inside uprights, 

 the four posts at the corners being retained as in the other 

 case. The guards might, if desired, be placed much nearer 

 the tree, and made twice the height, or about six feet from 

 the ground, in which case the sides should be filled in with 



Fig. 46. Tree Protected by Undergrowth. 



horizontal instead of vertical bars. The bark-covered side 

 of the whole should be presented outwards. Strong iron 

 wire guards, six or eight feet across and dividing into two 

 parts, may likewise be used, especially where the branches 

 of the trees grow low upon the stem. 



Where a permanent fence around single trees in a field 

 would be considered an eyesore, this may be dispensed with 

 by planting around the base of the tree irregularly, and as if 

 by accident, two or three common thorns, (fig. 46), with an 



